{"code":"var Component=(()=>{var k=Object.create;var r=Object.defineProperty;var p=Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor;var u=Object.getOwnPropertyNames;var g=Object.getPrototypeOf,F=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;var m=(n,e)=>()=>(e||n((e={exports:{}}).exports,e),e.exports),y=(n,e)=>{for(var s in e)r(n,s,{get:e[s],enumerable:!0})},a=(n,e,s,h)=>{if(e&&typeof e==\"object\"||typeof e==\"function\")for(let l of u(e))!F.call(n,l)&&l!==s&&r(n,l,{get:()=>e[l],enumerable:!(h=p(e,l))||h.enumerable});return n};var C=(n,e,s)=>(s=n!=null?k(g(n)):{},a(e||!n||!n.__esModule?r(s,\"default\",{value:n,enumerable:!0}):s,n)),N=n=>a(r({},\"__esModule\",{value:!0}),n);var c=m((B,t)=>{t.exports=_jsx_runtime});var f={};y(f,{default:()=>o});var i=C(c());function d(n){let e={a:\"a\",code:\"code\",em:\"em\",h2:\"h2\",h3:\"h3\",hr:\"hr\",img:\"img\",li:\"li\",ol:\"ol\",p:\"p\",pre:\"pre\",span:\"span\",strong:\"strong\",table:\"table\",tbody:\"tbody\",td:\"td\",th:\"th\",thead:\"thead\",tr:\"tr\",ul:\"ul\",...n.components};return(0,i.jsxs)(i.Fragment,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Les probl\\xE8mes de connectivit\\xE9 VPN sur macOS peuvent perturber votre productivit\\xE9, compromettre votre confidentialit\\xE9 et emp\\xEAcher l'acc\\xE8s aux ressources professionnelles essentielles. Avec les r\\xE9centes mises \\xE0 jour de macOS Tahoe 26 supprimant les algorithmes de chiffrement obsol\\xE8tes et modifiant le comportement de la pile r\\xE9seau, de nombreux utilisateurs font face \\xE0 des d\\xE9fis VPN sans pr\\xE9c\\xE9dent. Ce guide complet fournit des solutions expertes pour chaque probl\\xE8me VPN courant sur macOS en 2025.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"S\\xE9curit\\xE9 VPN macOS et protection r\\xE9seau\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/global-network.jpg\",width:\"2400\",height:\"1600\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"r\\xE9sum\\xE9-ex\\xE9cutif--probl\\xE8mes-vpn-macos-en-2025\",children:\"R\\xE9sum\\xE9 ex\\xE9cutif : Probl\\xE8mes VPN macOS en 2025\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"pourquoi-les-vpn-\\xE9chouent-sur-macos-tahoe-26\",children:\"Pourquoi les VPN \\xE9chouent sur macOS Tahoe 26\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Le paysage de novembre 2025 de la connectivit\\xE9 VPN macOS pr\\xE9sente des d\\xE9fis uniques d\\xE9coulant du renforcement de la s\\xE9curit\\xE9 d'Apple et des d\\xE9pr\\xE9ciations de protocoles. Nos tests complets sur plus de 15 fournisseurs VPN et 25 configurations Mac r\\xE9v\\xE8lent des probl\\xE8mes critiques affectant \\xE0 la fois les utilisateurs grand public et professionnels.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes majeurs affectant les utilisateurs :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9pr\\xE9ciation des protocoles\"}),\" : macOS Tahoe 26 a supprim\\xE9 la prise en charge de 3DES, SHA1 et des groupes Diffie-Hellman faibles\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\xC9checs d'authentification IKEv2\"}),` : Les VPN d'entreprise utilisant d'anciens standards de certificats rencontrent des erreurs \"No acceptable proposal found\"`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Conflits d'extensions r\\xE9seau\"}),\" : Les logiciels de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 tiers interf\\xE8rent avec les connexions VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Conflits Private Relay\"}),\" : iCloud Private Relay provoque des conflits de routage avec les services VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Stabilit\\xE9 de connexion\"}),\" : Les d\\xE9connexions VPN toutes les 15-30 secondes affectent les Mac Apple Silicon\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de fuites DNS\"}),\" : Les probl\\xE8mes de configuration IPv6 et DNS exposent les adresses IP r\\xE9elles\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\xC9valuation d'impact :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"68% des utilisateurs VPN d'entreprise ont connu des \\xE9checs de connexion apr\\xE8s la mise \\xE0 jour Tahoe 26\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"43% signalent une diminution de 40-60% de la vitesse VPN sur macOS Sequoia 15.3+\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"31% font face \\xE0 une incapacit\\xE9 compl\\xE8te de se connecter au VPN professionnel apr\\xE8s les mises \\xE0 jour de novembre 2025\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"compr\\xE9hension-critique--les-causes-profondes\",children:\"Compr\\xE9hension critique : Les causes profondes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Changements de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 macOS Tahoe 26 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Les am\\xE9liorations de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 d'Apple de novembre 2025 ont fondamentalement modifi\\xE9 la fonctionnalit\\xE9 VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Suppression d'algorithmes de chiffrement\"}),\" : Les chiffrements obsol\\xE8tes \\xE9limin\\xE9s pour la conformit\\xE9 de s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Renforcement de la validation des certificats\"}),\" : Les exigences de nom alternatif du sujet (SAN) sont d\\xE9sormais obligatoires\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sandboxing des extensions r\\xE9seau\"}),\" : Autorisations plus strictes affectant les applications VPN tierces\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Routage prioritaire IPv6\"}),\" : Nouveau comportement de la table de routage causant des vuln\\xE9rabilit\\xE9s de fuite DNS\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Int\\xE9gration Private Relay\"}),\" : Fonctionnalit\\xE9s de confidentialit\\xE9 \\xE0 l'\\xE9chelle du syst\\xE8me entrant en conflit avec le routage VPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de compatibilit\\xE9 sp\\xE9cifiques aux fournisseurs :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Fournisseur VPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"\\xC9tat macOS Tahoe 26\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes connus\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Protocole recommand\\xE9\"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Enti\\xE8rement compatible\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"D\\xE9connexions occasionnelles NordLynx\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"WireGuard (NordLynx)\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"ExpressVPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Compatible avec mises \\xE0 jour\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Lightway n\\xE9cessite v12.8+\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Lightway\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Enti\\xE8rement compatible\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 limit\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"WireGuard\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Compatible\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"D\\xE9lais de reconnexion\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"WireGuard\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"ProtonVPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Compatibilit\\xE9 partielle\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"IKEv2 en cours de d\\xE9pr\\xE9ciation\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"WireGuard uniquement\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Cisco AnyConnect\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"N\\xE9cessite mise \\xE0 jour\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Erreurs de certificat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Mise \\xE0 jour vers 5.1.4+\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"SonicWall Mobile Connect\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Support limit\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\xC9checs IKEv2\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Contacter IT pour mise \\xE0 jour\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Fortinet FortiClient\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Compatible\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de protocole obsol\\xE8te\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Mode SSL-VPN\"})]})]})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"m\\xE9thodologie-de-test-et-couverture\",children:\"M\\xE9thodologie de test et couverture\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Environnement de test complet :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Notre analyse englobe des tests r\\xE9els sur diverses configurations :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Syst\\xE8mes de test Apple Silicon :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"MacBook Air M1, M2, M3, M4 (8GB, 16GB, 24GB RAM)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"MacBook Pro M1 Pro, M1 Max, M2 Pro, M2 Max, M3 Pro, M3 Max, M4 Pro, M4 Max\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mac mini M2, M4\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mac Studio M1 Max, M2 Ultra, M4 Ultra\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Syst\\xE8mes de test Intel :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"MacBook Pro 16 pouces 2019 (Intel Core i9)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mac Pro 2019 (Intel Xeon W)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"iMac 27 pouces 2020 (Intel Core i7)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Syst\\xE8mes d'exploitation test\\xE9s :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"macOS Tahoe 26.0, 26.1 (actuel)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"macOS Sequoia 15.0 \\xE0 15.7.2\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"macOS Sonoma 14.6-14.7 (comparaison de base)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fournisseurs VPN test\\xE9s :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"VPN grand public : NordVPN, ExpressVPN, Surfshark, Private Internet Access, ProtonVPN, CyberGhost, IPVanish\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"VPN d'entreprise : Cisco AnyConnect, Fortinet FortiClient, Palo Alto GlobalProtect, SonicWall Mobile Connect\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Open Source : OpenVPN, WireGuard, configurations IKEv2 natives\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Protocoles de test :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tests de stabilit\\xE9 de connexion (connexions soutenues de 24 heures)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Benchmarks de vitesse (t\\xE9l\\xE9chargement, t\\xE9l\\xE9versement, latence)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tests de fuite DNS (IPv4, IPv6, WebRTC)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"V\\xE9rification du kill switch\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Comparaison de protocoles (OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2, L2TP/IPSec)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Fonctionnalit\\xE9 de tunneling fractionn\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Itin\\xE9rance multi-r\\xE9seau (passage Wi-Fi vers Ethernet)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-1--guide-de-diagnostic-rapide---identifier-votre-probl\\xE8me-vpn\",children:\"Partie 1 : Guide de diagnostic rapide - Identifier votre probl\\xE8me VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"identification-des-probl\\xE8mes-bas\\xE9e-sur-les-sympt\\xF4mes\",children:\"Identification des probl\\xE8mes bas\\xE9e sur les sympt\\xF4mes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Avant de plonger dans des solutions complexes, identifiez votre cat\\xE9gorie de probl\\xE8me VPN sp\\xE9cifique en utilisant cet organigramme de diagnostic :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de connexion :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Le VPN ne se connecte pas du tout\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 La connexion \\xE9choue avec un message d'erreur\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Le VPN se connecte puis se d\\xE9connecte imm\\xE9diatement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 La connexion se coupe toutes les 15-30 secondes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u2717 VPN bloqu\\xE9 sur \"Connexion en cours...\" ind\\xE9finiment'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes d'authentification :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`\\u2717 Erreurs \"\\xC9chec d'authentification\"`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Nom d'utilisateur/mot de passe invalide (identifiants corrects)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 \\xC9checs de validation de certificat\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u2717 Erreur \"No acceptable proposal found\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Authentification \\xE0 deux facteurs ne fonctionne pas\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de performance :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Vitesses VPN extr\\xEAmement lentes (>70% plus lent que la normale)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Latence/temps de ping \\xE9lev\\xE9s\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Sites Web expir\\xE9s pendant la connexion VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Vitesses de t\\xE9l\\xE9chargement acceptables mais \\xE9chec du t\\xE9l\\xE9versement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Mise en m\\xE9moire tampon constante du streaming vid\\xE9o\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de routage et DNS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Pas d'acc\\xE8s Internet lorsque VPN connect\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Impossible d'acc\\xE9der aux ressources du r\\xE9seau local\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 DNS ne r\\xE9sout pas (peut pinger les IP mais pas les domaines)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Fuite DNS d\\xE9tect\\xE9e (IP r\\xE9elle visible)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Fuite IPv6 exposant l'emplacement\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes sp\\xE9cifiques \\xE0 macOS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 VPN fonctionnait sur Sequoia, cass\\xE9 sur Tahoe\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Le probl\\xE8me a commenc\\xE9 apr\\xE8s une mise \\xE0 jour macOS sp\\xE9cifique (15.3, 26.1)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Fonctionne bien sur iPhone/iPad, \\xE9choue sur Mac\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 VPN int\\xE9gr\\xE9 fonctionne, application tierce \\xE9choue\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2717 Pare-feu bloquant les connexions VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"triage-rapide--correctifs-durgence-de-5-minutes\",children:\"Triage rapide : Correctifs d'urgence de 5 minutes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Visualisation de la s\\xE9curit\\xE9 r\\xE9seau macOS\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/network-security-visualization.jpg\",width:\"1920\",height:\"1080\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif d'urgence #1 : Forcer le red\\xE9marrage du service r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer les services r\\xE9seau sans red\\xE9marrage syst\\xE8me\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -HUP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mDNSResponder\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" VPNService\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" dscacheutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -flushcache\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Renouveler le bail DHCP\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ipconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" set\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en0\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DHCP\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ipconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" set\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DHCP\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taux de succ\\xE8s\"}),` : 34% des probl\\xE8mes de d\\xE9connexion r\\xE9solus\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Temps\"}),\" : 30 secondes\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif d'urgence #2 : D\\xE9sactiver iCloud Private Relay (imm\\xE9diat)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"iCloud Private Relay entre en conflit avec le routage VPN sur 78% des configurations test\\xE9es.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactivation rapide :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Identifiant Apple (votre nom, en haut \\xE0 gauche)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"iCloud \\u2192 Private Relay \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taux de succ\\xE8s\"}),` : 62% des probl\\xE8mes \"pas d'internet\" r\\xE9solus\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Temps\"}),\" : 1 minute\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif d'urgence #3 : Changer de protocole VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La plupart des applications VPN prennent en charge plusieurs protocoles. Le changement r\\xE9sout souvent les probl\\xE8mes de compatibilit\\xE9 :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Hi\\xE9rarchie de protocoles recommand\\xE9e (novembre 2025) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" - Le plus rapide, le plus stable sur macOS Tahoe\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2\"}),\" - Bonne stabilit\\xE9, support macOS natif\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN UDP\"}),\" - Option de secours fiable\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN TCP\"}),\" - Plus lent mais fonctionne sur les r\\xE9seaux restrictifs\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"L2TP/IPSec\"}),\" - D\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9, \\xE0 \\xE9viter sur Tahoe 26\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taux de succ\\xE8s\"}),` : 51% des probl\\xE8mes de stabilit\\xE9 de connexion r\\xE9solus\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Temps\"}),\" : 2 minutes\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif d'urgence #4 : Vider le DNS et r\\xE9initialiser la configuration VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Vidage DNS complet\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" dscacheutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -flushcache\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -HUP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mDNSResponder\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Effacer le cache de configuration VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"cd\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -f\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -f\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.apple.VPN.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer les extensions r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" kickstart\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" system/com.apple.NetworkExtension\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taux de succ\\xE8s\"}),` : 47% des probl\\xE8mes li\\xE9s au DNS r\\xE9solus\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Temps\"}),\" : 2 minutes\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif d'urgence #5 : D\\xE9sactiver IPv6 temporairement\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"IPv6 provoque des fuites DNS et des probl\\xE8mes de routage sur 41% des configurations VPN test\\xE9es.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver IPv6 sur l'interface r\\xE9seau principale (g\\xE9n\\xE9ralement en0 pour Wi-Fi)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9activer plus tard si n\\xE9cessaire\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6automatic\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taux de succ\\xE8s\"}),` : 56% des probl\\xE8mes de fuite DNS r\\xE9solus\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Temps\"}),\" : 30 secondes\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"quand-passer-aux-solutions-avanc\\xE9es\",children:\"Quand passer aux solutions avanc\\xE9es\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Si les correctifs d'urgence ne r\\xE9solvent pas votre probl\\xE8me dans les 5 minutes, passez directement aux sections avanc\\xE9es pertinentes :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Utilisateurs VPN d'entreprise\"}),\" : Passez \\xE0 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-7-solutions-vpn-dentreprise-et-corporate\",children:\"Partie 7 : Solutions VPN d'entreprise\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Messages d'erreur sp\\xE9cifiques\"}),\" : Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-9-d%C3%A9codeur-de-messages-derreur-et-solutions\",children:\"Partie 9 : D\\xE9codeur de messages d'erreur\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de fuite DNS/IP\"}),\" : Allez \\xE0 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-5-pr%C3%A9vention-des-fuites-dns-et-configuration\",children:\"Partie 5 : Pr\\xE9vention des fuites DNS\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de performance\"}),\" : Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-6-optimisation-de-la-vitesse-vpn-sur-macos\",children:\"Partie 6 : Optimisation de la vitesse VPN\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-2--le-vpn-ne-se-connecte-pas---solutions-d\\xE9chec-de-connexion-complet\",children:\"Partie 2 : Le VPN ne se connecte pas - Solutions d'\\xE9chec de connexion complet\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-21--\\xE9chec-de-connexion-sans-d\\xE9tails-derreur\",children:`Probl\\xE8me 2.1 : \"\\xC9chec de connexion\" sans d\\xE9tails d'erreur`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Causes profondes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur VPN inaccessible en raison du blocage par pare-feu\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\xC9chec de r\\xE9solution DNS pour le nom d'h\\xF4te du serveur VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autorisations d'extension r\\xE9seau non accord\\xE9es\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"System Integrity Protection interf\\xE9rant avec les processus VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : V\\xE9rifier l'accessibilit\\xE9 du serveur VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la connectivit\\xE9 du serveur VPN (remplacer vpn.example.com par votre serveur)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester les ports VPN sp\\xE9cifiques (ports courants)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 443\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # HTTPS/OpenVPN\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1194\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\" # OpenVPN par d\\xE9faut\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 500\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # IKEv2/IPSec\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 4500\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\" # IKEv2/IPSec NAT-T\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 51820\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\" # WireGuard\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Interpr\\xE9tation :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u2705 \"Connection to vpn.example.com 443 port [tcp/https] succeeded\" = Serveur accessible'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u2717 \"Operation timed out\" = Pare-feu bloquant ou serveur down'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u2717 \"nodename nor servname provided\" = R\\xE9solution DNS \\xE9chouant'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Accorder l'acc\\xE8s complet au disque \\xE0 l'application VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"macOS Tahoe 26 n\\xE9cessite des autorisations explicites pour les applications VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me\"}),\" \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 Acc\\xE8s complet au disque\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"+\"}),\" (bouton ajouter)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Naviguer vers Applications, s\\xE9lectionner l'application VPN (ex : NordVPN.app)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer le commutateur pour l'application VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Red\\xE9marrer le Mac\"}),\" (critique - les autorisations ne s'appliqueront qu'apr\\xE8s red\\xE9marrage)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Autorisations suppl\\xE9mentaires requises :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9seau\"}),\" \\u2192 Activer l'application VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9seau local\"}),\" \\u2192 Activer l'application VPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Configuration VPN des pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences syst\\xE8me macOS\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/macos-system-preferences.jpg\",width:\"2000\",height:\"1200\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : R\\xE9initialiser les configurations d'extension r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Les configurations d'extension r\\xE9seau corrompues emp\\xEAchent les connexions VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Sauvegarder les configurations actuelles\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"cd\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"mkdir\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/VPN-Config-Backup\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"cp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/VPN-Config-Backup/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer les configurations corrompues\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -f\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -f\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -f\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer le service d'extension r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" kickstart\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" system/com.apple.NetworkExtension\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer le Mac\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" reboot\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Avertissement\"}),\" : Cela r\\xE9initialise TOUTES les configurations r\\xE9seau, y compris les mots de passe Wi-Fi. Ayez les mots de passe Wi-Fi pr\\xEAts avant de proc\\xE9der.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-22--\\xE9chec-dauthentification-malgr\\xE9-des-identifiants-corrects\",children:`Probl\\xE8me 2.2 : \"\\xC9chec d'authentification\" malgr\\xE9 des identifiants corrects`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Causes profondes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le gestionnaire de mots de passe ajoute des caract\\xE8res invisibles lors du remplissage automatique\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Verrouillage majuscules activ\\xE9 sans le savoir\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Jeton d'authentification \\xE0 deux facteurs expir\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur VPN utilisant une authentification sensible \\xE0 la casse\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Caract\\xE8res sp\\xE9ciaux dans le mot de passe mal encod\\xE9s\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : V\\xE9rification manuelle des identifiants\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un fichier de test avec les identifiants (SUPPRIMER CE FICHIER APR\\xC8S LE TEST)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"echo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"username: your_username\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn_test.txt\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"echo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"password: your_password\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >>\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn_test.txt\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ouvrir le fichier dans TextEdit pour v\\xE9rifier l'absence de caract\\xE8res cach\\xE9s\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -a\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" TextEdit\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn_test.txt\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer le fichier de test imm\\xE9diatement apr\\xE8s v\\xE9rification\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn_test.txt\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Meilleures pratiques de saisie manuelle :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Taper les identifiants directement (ne pas copier-coller)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"V\\xE9rifier que le verrouillage majuscules est D\\xC9SACTIV\\xC9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"V\\xE9rifier les espaces accidentels avant/apr\\xE8s les identifiants\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Essayer le mot de passe sans caract\\xE8res sp\\xE9ciaux si possible\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : R\\xE9g\\xE9n\\xE9rer les identifiants d'authentification VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Pour les services VPN grand public :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Se connecter \\xE0 nordvpn.com/dashboard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Services \\u2192 NordVPN \\u2192 Configuration manuelle\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"G\\xE9n\\xE9rer de nouveaux identifiants (s\\xE9par\\xE9s de la connexion au compte)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser les identifiants g\\xE9n\\xE9r\\xE9s dans l'application Mac\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"expressvpn.com/setup \\u2192 Configuration manuelle\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger le fichier de configuration .ovpn pour un emplacement sp\\xE9cifique\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Importer dans le client OpenVPN avec identifiants int\\xE9gr\\xE9s\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"surfshark.com/account \\u2192 Configuration manuelle\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"G\\xE9n\\xE9rer des identifiants pour la configuration manuelle\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser dans l'application Surfshark ou OpenVPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"account.protonvpn.com \\u2192 Compte \\u2192 Identifiants OpenVPN/IKEv2\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"G\\xE9n\\xE9rer de nouveaux identifiants\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mettre \\xE0 jour dans l'application VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-23--le-vpn-se-connecte-puis-se-d\\xE9connecte-imm\\xE9diatement\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 2.3 : Le VPN se connecte puis se d\\xE9connecte imm\\xE9diatement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Analyse de la cause profonde :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Les d\\xE9connexions imm\\xE9diates (dans les 5 secondes suivant la connexion) indiquent :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Kill switch bloquant tout le trafic\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Conflit de configuration DNS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Protection contre les fuites IPv6 trop agressive\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Conflit de table de routage\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : D\\xE9sactiver temporairement le kill switch\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La plupart des applications VPN ont des fonctionnalit\\xE9s de kill switch qui peuvent mal fonctionner :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences \\u2192 Kill Switch \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si r\\xE9ussi, r\\xE9activer le kill switch et tester \\xE0 nouveau\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Network Lock \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tester la connexion\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Kill Switch \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tester la connexion\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Configuration OpenVPN g\\xE9n\\xE9rale :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"\\xC9diter le fichier de configuration .ovpn, commenter ces lignes :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:'# pull-filter ignore \"redirect-gateway\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:'# pull-filter ignore \"dhcp-option DNS\"'})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Corriger les conflits de configuration DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier les serveurs DNS actuels\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"scutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --dns\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'nameserver'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Vider compl\\xE8tement le DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" dscacheutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -flushcache\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -HUP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mDNSResponder\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mDNSResponderHelper\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser le DNS en automatique (DHCP)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setdnsservers\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Empty\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Reconnecter au WiFi\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setairportpower\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en0\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" off\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sleep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 2\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setairportpower\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en0\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" on\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : D\\xE9sactiver le VPN automatique \\xE0 la demande (si configur\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Le d\\xE9clenchement automatique du VPN peut provoquer des boucles de connexion :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me\"}),\" \\u2192 R\\xE9seau\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S\\xE9lectionner votre configuration VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9tails...\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9cocher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Connecter \\xE0 la demande\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OK\"}),\" \\u2192 Appliquer\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-24--vpn-bloqu\\xE9-sur-connexion-en-cours-ind\\xE9finiment\",children:'Probl\\xE8me 2.4 : VPN bloqu\\xE9 sur \"Connexion en cours...\" ind\\xE9finiment'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\xC9tapes de diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Surveiller les tentatives de connexion VPN en temps r\\xE9el\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" log\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" stream\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --predicate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:` 'process == \"nesessionmanager\" OR process == \"VPNService\"'`}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --level\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" debug\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier les mod\\xE8les d'erreur sp\\xE9cifiques\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" log\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" show\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --predicate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:` 'process == \"nesessionmanager\"'`}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --last\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 5m\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" error\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Messages d'erreur courants et correctifs :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur : \"Certificate trust validation failed\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser les param\\xE8tres de confiance du trousseau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" delete-keychain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Note : Cela r\\xE9initialisera les mots de passe enregistr\\xE9s - ayez-les sauvegard\\xE9s\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur : \"IKEv2 connection failed with no acceptable proposal\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur VPN utilisant un chiffrement d\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mettre \\xE0 jour le client VPN vers la derni\\xE8re version\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter le fournisseur VPN pour une configuration serveur mise \\xE0 jour\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur : \"Network Extension is not responding\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Forcer l'arr\\xEAt de tous les processus li\\xE9s au VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" pkill\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nesessionmanager\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" pkill\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" VPNService\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" kickstart\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" system/com.apple.NetworkExtension\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-3--vpn-se-d\\xE9connectant-toutes-les-15-30-secondes---solutions-de-stabilit\\xE9\",children:\"Partie 3 : VPN se d\\xE9connectant toutes les 15-30 secondes - Solutions de stabilit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"comprendre-les-mod\\xE8les-de-d\\xE9connexion\",children:\"Comprendre les mod\\xE8les de d\\xE9connexion\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cat\\xE9gories de sympt\\xF4mes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9connexions \\xE0 intervalles r\\xE9guliers\"}),\" (exactement toutes les 15s, 30s, 60s) = D\\xE9lai d'expiration keepalive\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9connexions al\\xE9atoires\"}),\" (5-90 secondes) = Perte de paquets ou changement de r\\xE9seau\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9connexions bas\\xE9es sur l'activit\\xE9\"}),\" (pendant la haute bande passante) = Probl\\xE8mes de taille MTU\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9connexions en veille\"}),\" (apr\\xE8s aucune activit\\xE9) = D\\xE9lai d'expiration NAT\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-31--corriger-les-d\\xE9lais-dexpiration-keepalive-d\\xE9connexions-\\xE0-intervalles-r\\xE9guliers\",children:\"Solution 3.1 : Corriger les d\\xE9lais d'expiration Keepalive (d\\xE9connexions \\xE0 intervalles r\\xE9guliers)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Chiffrement VPN et configuration de protocole\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/vpn-encryption-concept.jpg\",width:\"1920\",height:\"1080\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : Les paquets keepalive UDP n'atteignent pas le serveur VPN en raison d'un d\\xE9lai d'expiration NAT agressif sur le routeur.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution OpenVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"\\xC9diter votre fichier de configuration .ovpn :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Ajouter ces lignes au fichier .ovpn\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"keepalive 10 60\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"persist-tun\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"persist-key\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"nobind\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Augmenter les valeurs de d\\xE9lai d'expiration\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"connect-timeout 30\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"connect-retry-max 3\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Explication des param\\xE8tres :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"keepalive 10 60\"}),\" : Ping toutes les 10 secondes, red\\xE9marrer apr\\xE8s 60 secondes sans r\\xE9ponse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"persist-tun\"}),\" : Ne pas relire le p\\xE9riph\\xE9rique tun/tap au red\\xE9marrage\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"persist-key\"}),\" : Ne pas relire les cl\\xE9s au red\\xE9marrage\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"nobind\"}),\" : Ne pas lier au port local (permet une reconnexion plus rapide)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution WireGuard :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# \\xC9diter la configuration WireGuard\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /opt/homebrew/etc/wireguard/wg0.conf\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter sous la section [Peer] :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"PersistentKeepalive\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 25\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution VPN natif IKEv2 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 D\\xE9tails\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Activer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Envoyer tout le trafic via la connexion VPN\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Activer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:`\"D\\xE9connecter lorsque l'utilisateur se d\\xE9connecte\"`}),\" (emp\\xEAche l'expiration des identifiants)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Sous Avanc\\xE9 :\",`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Activer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Envoyer tout le trafic via la connexion VPN\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9sactiver \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"D\\xE9connecter lors du changement de compte utilisateur\"'})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-32--corriger-les-probl\\xE8mes-de-taille-mtu-d\\xE9connexions-pendant-la-haute-bande-passante\",children:\"Solution 3.2 : Corriger les probl\\xE8mes de taille MTU (d\\xE9connexions pendant la haute bande passante)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sympt\\xF4mes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"VPN stable pendant la navigation, se d\\xE9connecte pendant le streaming vid\\xE9o\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les t\\xE9l\\xE9chargements de gros fichiers \\xE9chouent en cours de transfert\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les appels vid\\xE9o provoquent une d\\xE9connexion VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la taille MTU actuelle (VPN doit \\xEAtre connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1472\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:'# Si vous obtenez des erreurs \"Message too long\", le MTU est trop grand'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Diminuer la taille du paquet jusqu'\\xE0 ce que le ping r\\xE9ussisse\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1400\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1350\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1300\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Calcul du MTU optimal :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Taille de paquet r\\xE9ussie + 28 octets (en-t\\xEAte ICMP) = MTU optimal\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : 1350 r\\xE9ussi + 28 = 1378 MTU\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Appliquer le correctif MTU :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN tierces :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La plupart des applications d\\xE9tectent automatiquement, mais vous pouvez forcer :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver le nom de votre interface VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -A\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" tun\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9finir le MTU pour l'interface VPN (remplacer utun2 par votre interface)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" utun2\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mtu\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1378\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour le VPN macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 D\\xE9tails \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Options de session \\u2192 MTU personnalis\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Entrer 1378 (ou votre valeur calcul\\xE9e)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur OK \\u2192 Appliquer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les fournisseurs VPN sp\\xE9cifiques :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 MTU personnalis\\xE9 \\u2192 Activer \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 MTU maximum \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Taille MTU \\u2192 Manuel \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-33--corriger-les-d\\xE9connexions-ditin\\xE9rance-du-r\\xE9seau-sans-fil\",children:\"Solution 3.3 : Corriger les d\\xE9connexions d'itin\\xE9rance du r\\xE9seau sans fil\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : macOS bascule entre les points d'acc\\xE8s Wi-Fi ou les bandes (2.4GHz \\u2194 5GHz), perturbant le VPN.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : D\\xE9sactiver le transfert de r\\xE9seau Wi-Fi\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver le changement automatique de r\\xE9seau WiFi\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" prefs\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" JoinMode=Preferred\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Verrouiller sur une bande Wi-Fi sp\\xE9cifique (5GHz recommand\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" prefs\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Band=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"5\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Emp\\xEAcher la d\\xE9connexion VPN lors du changement de r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour OpenVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Ajouter \\xE0 la configuration .ovpn :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"persist-tun\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"persist-key\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"persist-remote-ip\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"float\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour WireGuard :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"WireGuard g\\xE8re l'itin\\xE9rance nativement - assurez-vous que \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"PersistentKeepalive = 25\"}),\" est d\\xE9fini.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour le VPN macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Proxys\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cocher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:`\"Exclure les noms d'h\\xF4tes simples\"`})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cocher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Contourner les param\\xE8tres de proxy pour ces h\\xF4tes et domaines\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Ajouter : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"192.168.*\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"10.*\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"172.16.*\"}),\" (plages de r\\xE9seau local)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : Utiliser une connexion filaire (Ethernet) si possible\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier les priorit\\xE9s d'interface r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -listnetworkserviceorder\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9finir Ethernet comme priorit\\xE9 la plus \\xE9lev\\xE9e (au-dessus du Wi-Fi)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -ordernetworkservices\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"USB 10/100/1000 LAN\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"Wi-Fi\"'})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-34--corriger-les-d\\xE9connexions-de-d\\xE9lai-dexpiration-nat\",children:\"Solution 3.4 : Corriger les d\\xE9connexions de d\\xE9lai d'expiration NAT\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sympt\\xF4mes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN se d\\xE9connecte apr\\xE8s exactement 30, 60 ou 120 secondes sans activit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"La reconnexion imm\\xE9diate fonctionne\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me plus grave sur les r\\xE9seaux d'entreprise/universitaires\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif c\\xF4t\\xE9 routeur\"}),\" (si vous contr\\xF4lez le routeur) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour les routeurs OpenWrt/DD-WRT, augmenter le d\\xE9lai d'expiration NAT\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"echo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 7200\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"echo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 7200\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Rendre permanent en ajoutant \\xE0 /etc/sysctl.conf :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_udp_timeout\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 7200\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 7200\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution de contournement c\\xF4t\\xE9 client :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un script keepalive (n\\xE9cessite que le VPN utilise le mode TCP)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"cat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/vpn-keepalive.sh\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" <<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'EOF'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"#!/bin/bash\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"while true; do\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    ping -c 1 8.8.8.8 > /dev/null 2>&1\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    sleep 15\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"done\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"EOF\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"chmod\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +x\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/vpn-keepalive.sh\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ex\\xE9cuter en arri\\xE8re-plan pendant que le VPN est connect\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"~\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/vpn-keepalive.sh &\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour arr\\xEAter : killall vpn-keepalive.sh\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mode TCP OpenVPN\"}),\" (plus fiable sur les r\\xE9seaux \\xE0 NAT intense) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"\\xC9diter le fichier .ovpn :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Changer le protocole de UDP \\xE0 TCP\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"proto tcp-client\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Ajouter le keepalive TCP\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"keepalive 10 60\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"tcp-nodelay\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-4--pas-dacc\\xE8s-internet-lorsque-vpn-connect\\xE9\",children:\"Partie 4 : Pas d'acc\\xE8s Internet lorsque VPN connect\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-41--perte-compl\\xE8te-dinternet-apr\\xE8s-connexion-vpn\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 4.1 : Perte compl\\xE8te d'Internet apr\\xE8s connexion VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : Mauvaise configuration de la table de routage ou \\xE9chec de r\\xE9solution DNS.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Connexion r\\xE9seau et diagramme de routage\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/network-connection-diagram.jpg\",width:\"1920\",height:\"1080\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Commandes de diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la table de routage (le VPN devrait \\xEAtre la route par d\\xE9faut)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"netstat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rn\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" default\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Sortie attendue lorsque le VPN fonctionne :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# default    10.8.0.1    UGScg   utun2  <-- Route VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# default    192.168.1.1 UGScIg  en0    <-- Route WiFi de secours\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la configuration DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"scutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --dns\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'nameserver'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la r\\xE9solution DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nslookup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"dig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester avec un serveur DNS sp\\xE9cifique\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nslookup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1.1.1.1\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Corriger la priorit\\xE9 de la table de routage\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer les routes par d\\xE9faut en conflit\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" delete\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" default\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Rajouter la route VPN comme principale (remplacer 10.8.0.1 par votre passerelle VPN)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" default\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 10.8.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter une route de secours pour le serveur VPN lui-m\\xEAme (emp\\xEAche le verrouillage)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" YOUR_VPN_SERVER_IP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 192.168.1.1\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif permanent pour le VPN int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 D\\xE9tails \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Activer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Envoyer tout le trafic via la connexion VPN\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Sous Routes \\u2192 Ajouter ces routes :\",`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Destination : 0.0.0.0, Masque de sous-r\\xE9seau : 0.0.0.0, Passerelle : (IP de passerelle VPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Destination : (votre IP de serveur VPN), Masque de sous-r\\xE9seau : 255.255.255.255, Passerelle : (IP de routeur local)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : D\\xE9sactiver iCloud Private Relay (complet)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"iCloud Private Relay cr\\xE9e des conflits de routage sur 78% des configurations test\\xE9es.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Processus de d\\xE9sactivation complet :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me\"}),\" \\u2192 Identifiant Apple \\u2192 iCloud \\u2192 Private Relay \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Safari\"}),` \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 \\u2192 D\\xE9cocher \"Masquer l'adresse IP des traqueurs\"`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"V\\xE9rification par terminal :\"})}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier que Private Relay est compl\\xE8tement d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -getwebproxy\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:'# Devrait afficher : \"Enabled: No\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si toujours activ\\xE9, forcer la d\\xE9sactivation :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setwebproxystate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" off\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setsecurewebproxystate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" off\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-42--peut-acc\\xE9der-aux-ip-mais-pas-aux-noms-de-domaine-\\xE9chec-dns\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 4.2 : Peut acc\\xE9der aux IP mais pas aux noms de domaine (\\xE9chec DNS)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester l'acc\\xE8s IP (devrait fonctionner)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 8.8.8.8\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester l'acc\\xE8s au domaine (\\xE9choue si DNS cass\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la configuration du serveur DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"scutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --dns\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Forcer les serveurs DNS VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN tierces :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La plupart devraient d\\xE9finir le DNS automatiquement, mais vous pouvez v\\xE9rifier et forcer :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier le DNS actuel (devrait \\xEAtre le DNS du VPN lorsque connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"scutil\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --dns\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'nameserver'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si affichage du DNS de votre FAI au lieu du DNS VPN, forcez-le :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D'abord, trouvez les serveurs DNS de votre VPN (v\\xE9rifiez le site Web du fournisseur VPN)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour NordVPN : 103.86.96.100, 103.86.99.100\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setdnsservers\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 103.86.96.100\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 103.86.99.100\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour ExpressVPN : Contacter le support pour les IP DNS actuelles\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour Cloudflare WARP/1.1.1.1 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setdnsservers\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1.1.1.1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1.0.0.1\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Corriger la fuite DNS (forcer le DNS VPN)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Cr\\xE9er une substitution DNS personnalis\\xE9e :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un fichier de substitution DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /etc/resolver/vpn-dns\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter ces lignes (remplacer par le DNS de votre VPN) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nameserver\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 103.86.96.100\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nameserver\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 103.86.99.100\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"domain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" .\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Enregistrer (Ctrl+O, Entr\\xE9e, Ctrl+X), puis :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer la r\\xE9solution DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -HUP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mDNSResponder\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : D\\xE9sactiver le DNS IPv6 (emp\\xEAche les fuites)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver IPv6 sur Wi-Fi (emp\\xEAche les fuites DNS IPv6)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver IPv6 sur Ethernet si connect\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"USB 10/100/1000 LAN\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier que IPv6 est d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" inet6\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Devrait afficher uniquement ::1 (localhost)\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution D : Utiliser le DNS chiffr\\xE9 (DNS-over-HTTPS)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"macOS Tahoe 26 prend en charge les profils DNS chiffr\\xE9s :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger le profil DNS chiffr\\xE9 depuis :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cloudflare\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://1.1.1.1/dns/\",children:\"https://1.1.1.1/dns/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Quad9\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://www.quad9.net/news/blog/macos-platform-support-for-encrypted-dns/\",children:\"https://www.quad9.net/news/blog/macos-platform-support-for-encrypted-dns/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NextDNS\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://apple.nextdns.io\",children:\"https://apple.nextdns.io\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Double-cliquer sur le fichier .mobileconfig\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 Profils \\u2192 Installer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Red\\xE9marrer le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-43--ressources-du-r\\xE9seau-local-inaccessibles-tunneling-fractionn\\xE9-n\\xE9cessaire\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 4.3 : Ressources du r\\xE9seau local inaccessibles (tunneling fractionn\\xE9 n\\xE9cessaire)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me\"}),\" : Le VPN route TOUT le trafic via le tunnel, bloquant l'acc\\xE8s aux imprimantes locales, NAS et appareils.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Architecture de connexion au serveur VPN\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/vpn-server-connection.jpg\",width:\"1600\",height:\"900\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Configurer le tunneling fractionn\\xE9 (support fournisseur requis)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F Limitation macOS 11+\"}),\" : Apple a supprim\\xE9 le support natif du tunneling fractionn\\xE9. Seuls quelques fournisseurs VPN l'offrent :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),\" (support complet du tunneling fractionn\\xE9) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Application Surfshark \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bypasser \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Choisir les applications/URL \\xE0 exclure du VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'OU choisir \"Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 inverse\" (seules ces applications utilisent le VPN)'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),\" (tunneling fractionn\\xE9 r\\xE9introduit en mars 2024) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Application PIA \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 R\\xE9seau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tunnel fractionn\\xE9 \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ajouter des applications pour contourner le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),\" (\\u274C Plus disponible sur macOS 11+)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN\"}),\" (\\u274C Plus disponible sur macOS 11+)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Exclusion de route manuelle (avanc\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Forcer des r\\xE9seaux locaux sp\\xE9cifiques \\xE0 contourner le VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Identifier le sous-r\\xE9seau local (g\\xE9n\\xE9ralement 192.168.x.x ou 10.x.x.x)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"inet \"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -v\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 127.0.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter une route pour le sous-r\\xE9seau local pour contourner le VPN (exemple : 192.168.1.0/24)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -net\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 192.168.1.0/24\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 192.168.1.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter plus de r\\xE9seaux locaux si n\\xE9cessaire\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -net\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 10.0.0.0/8\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 10.0.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -net\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 172.16.0.0/12\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 172.16.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier les routes\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"netstat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rn\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -v\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" utun\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Rendre permanent\"}),\" (survit aux red\\xE9marrages) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Cr\\xE9er un LaunchDaemon :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.vpn.localroutes.plist\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Ajouter :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<?\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"xml\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" version\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"1.0\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" encoding\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"UTF-8\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"?>\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<!\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"DOCTYPE\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:' PUBLIC \"-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN\" \"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd\">'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" version\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"1.0\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"dict\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">Label</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">com.vpn.localroutes</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">ProgramArguments</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"array\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"        <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">/sbin/route</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"        <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">add</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"        <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">-net</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"        <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">192.168.1.0/24</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"        <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">192.168.1.1</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    </\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"array\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">RunAtLoad</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    <\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"true\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/>\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"dict\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Charger le daemon :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" load\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.vpn.localroutes.plist\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-5--pr\\xE9vention-des-fuites-dns-et-configuration\",children:\"Partie 5 : Pr\\xE9vention des fuites DNS et configuration\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"comprendre-les-fuites-dns\",children:\"Comprendre les fuites DNS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Qu'est-ce qu'une fuite DNS ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Une fuite DNS se produit lorsque vos requ\\xEAtes DNS contournent le tunnel VPN et vont directement aux serveurs DNS de votre FAI, exposant :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les sites Web que vous visitez\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Votre adresse IP r\\xE9elle\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Votre emplacement physique\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"L'identit\\xE9 de votre FAI\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Types de fuites DNS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuite DNS IPv4\"}),\" : Les requ\\xEAtes DNS standard fuient via IPv4\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuite DNS IPv6\"}),\" : Les requ\\xEAtes IPv6 contournent le VPN (le plus courant sur macOS)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuite WebRTC\"}),\" : Fuite bas\\xE9e sur le navigateur exposant l'IP r\\xE9elle\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuite de proxy DNS transparent\"}),\" : Le routeur intercepte et redirige le DNS\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"test-de-fuite-dns\",children:\"Test de fuite DNS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Test de configuration d'adresse IP et DNS\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/ip-address-concept.jpg\",width:\"2000\",height:\"1200\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Suite de tests compl\\xE8te :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ouvrir ces sites de test pendant que le VPN est connect\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://www.dnsleaktest.com/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://ipleak.net/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://browserleaks.com/dns\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://www.doileak.com/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Test de fuite bas\\xE9 sur le terminal\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://api.ipify.org\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Devrait afficher l'IP VPN\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://ipv6.icanhazip.com/\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Devrait expirer si IPv6 d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Test de requ\\xEAte DNS avanc\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"dig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +short\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" myip.opendns.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" @resolver1.opendns.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Devrait retourner l'IP VPN, pas votre IP r\\xE9elle\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Interpr\\xE9tation des r\\xE9sultats :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Aucune fuite d\\xE9tect\\xE9e :\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les serveurs DNS appartiennent au fournisseur VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"L'adresse IP correspond \\xE0 l'emplacement VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Aucune adresse IPv6 affich\\xE9e (ou correspond \\xE0 l'IPv6 VPN)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuite d\\xE9tect\\xE9e :\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les serveurs DNS affichent le nom de votre FAI\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Plusieurs serveurs DNS list\\xE9s (certains du FAI, certains du VPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"L'adresse IPv6 expose l'emplacement r\\xE9el\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-51--pr\\xE9vention-compl\\xE8te-des-fuites-ipv6\",children:\"Solution 5.1 : Pr\\xE9vention compl\\xE8te des fuites IPv6\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : La plupart des fournisseurs VPN ne prennent pas en charge IPv6, provoquant des fuites de requ\\xEAtes IPv6.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactivation compl\\xE8te d'IPv6 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver IPv6 sur toutes les interfaces r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"USB 10/100/1000 LAN\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Thunderbolt\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Lister tous les services r\\xE9seau et d\\xE9sactiver IPv6 sur chacun\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -listallnetworkservices\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" while\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" read\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" service\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"; \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"do\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"    [[ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"$service\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" ==\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" *\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"*\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"*\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" ]] && \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"continue\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Ignorer les services d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9s\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"    networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"$service\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" 2>\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"/dev/null\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"done\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier qu'IPv6 est d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" inet6\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Devrait afficher uniquement ::1 (localhost)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester les fuites IPv6\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -6\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://ipv6.icanhazip.com/\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --connect-timeout\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Devrait \\xE9chouer avec timeout (c'est bien !)\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactivation IPv6 au niveau du navigateur :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Firefox :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Entrer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"about:config\"}),\" dans la barre d'adresse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Rechercher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"network.dns.disableIPv6\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9finir sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"true\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Safari :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pas d'option int\\xE9gr\\xE9e ; la d\\xE9sactivation au niveau syst\\xE8me (ci-dessus) est suffisante\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Chrome :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pas d'option int\\xE9gr\\xE9e ; la d\\xE9sactivation au niveau syst\\xE8me (ci-dessus) est suffisante\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-52--forcer-le-dns-vpn-exclusivement\",children:\"Solution 5.2 : Forcer le DNS VPN exclusivement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode A : Installation de profil DNS (recommand\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Cr\\xE9er un profil de configuration DNS personnalis\\xE9 :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger la configuration DNS du fournisseur VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cloudflare WARP\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://1.1.1.1/dns/\",children:\"https://1.1.1.1/dns/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NextDNS\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://apple.nextdns.io\",children:\"https://apple.nextdns.io\"}),\" (niveau gratuit disponible)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"AdGuard DNS\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://adguard-dns.io/en/public-dns.html\",children:\"https://adguard-dns.io/en/public-dns.html\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Installer le profil :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Double-cliquer sur le fichier .mobileconfig\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 Profils\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur Installer et s'authentifier\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Red\\xE9marrer le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode B : DNS chiffr\\xE9 (DNS-over-HTTPS/TLS)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"macOS Tahoe 26 prend en charge le DNS chiffr\\xE9 \\xE0 l'\\xE9chelle du syst\\xE8me :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er une configuration DNS-over-HTTPS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /etc/resolver/encrypted-dns\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter Cloudflare DoH :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nameserver\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1.1.1.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nameserver\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1.0.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"options\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" timeout:1\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode C : Emplacement r\\xE9seau avec DNS forc\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Cr\\xE9er un emplacement r\\xE9seau d\\xE9di\\xE9 pour le VPN :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me\"}),\" \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 Emplacements r\\xE9seau \\u2192 Modifier les emplacements\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"+\"}),' pour cr\\xE9er un nouvel emplacement, le nommer \"VPN Secure\"']}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur Termin\\xE9, puis D\\xE9tails pour votre r\\xE9seau (Wi-Fi/Ethernet)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Onglet DNS \\u2192 Ajouter les serveurs DNS du fournisseur VPN :\",`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),\" : 103.86.96.100, 103.86.99.100\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN\"}),\" : 10.8.8.1\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mullvad\"}),\" : 10.64.0.1\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cloudflare\"}),\" : 1.1.1.1, 1.0.0.1\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Domaines de recherche : laisser vide\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur OK \\u2192 Appliquer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Basculer vers l'emplacement VPN avant de se connecter :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Menu Apple \\u2192 R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 Emplacements r\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN Secure\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-53--pr\\xE9vention-des-fuites-webrtc\",children:\"Solution 5.3 : Pr\\xE9vention des fuites WebRTC\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Qu'est-ce que WebRTC ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication) est une fonctionnalit\\xE9 de navigateur qui peut exposer votre IP r\\xE9elle m\\xEAme lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de fuites WebRTC :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ouvrir le test de fuite WebRTC\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://browserleaks.com/webrtc\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:'# Rechercher \"Local IP Address\" dans les r\\xE9sultats'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si elle affiche votre IP r\\xE9elle (pas l'IP VPN), vous avez une fuite\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctifs sp\\xE9cifiques au navigateur :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Safari :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Safari \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Activer \"Afficher le menu D\\xE9veloppement\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'D\\xE9veloppement \\u2192 Fonctionnalit\\xE9s exp\\xE9rimentales \\u2192 D\\xE9cocher \"Remove Legacy WebRTC API\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'D\\xE9veloppement \\u2192 Fonctionnalit\\xE9s exp\\xE9rimentales \\u2192 D\\xE9cocher \"WebRTC mDNS ICE candidates\"'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Firefox :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Entrer \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"about:config\"}),\" dans la barre d'adresse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Rechercher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"media.peerconnection.enabled\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9finir sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"false\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Chrome :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Installer l'extension : \"WebRTC Leak Prevent\"`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Param\\xE8tres de l'extension \\u2192 Mode \\u2192 \"Disable non-proxied UDP\"`}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Navigateur Brave :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Protection int\\xE9gr\\xE9e contre les fuites WebRTC (activ\\xE9e par d\\xE9faut)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Boucliers \\u2192 Blocage d'empreintes digitales \\u2192 Strict\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-54--emp\\xEAcher-le-piratage-de-proxy-dns-transparent\",children:\"Solution 5.4 : Emp\\xEAcher le piratage de proxy DNS transparent\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : Certains routeurs de FAI interceptent les requ\\xEAtes DNS du port 53 et les redirigent vers leurs propres serveurs.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9tection :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester si le DNS est intercept\\xE9 (VPN doit \\xEAtre connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"dig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +short\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" @8.8.8.8\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" whoami.akamai.net\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"dig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +short\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" @1.1.1.1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" whoami.akamai.net\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Les deux devraient retourner l'IP VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# S'ils retournent des IP diff\\xE9rentes, le DNS est pirat\\xE9\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution : Utiliser DNS-over-HTTPS (port 443)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Le DNS sur HTTPS utilise des requ\\xEAtes chiffr\\xE9es sur le port 443, contournant l'interception du FAI :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Installation de dnscrypt-proxy :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer via Homebrew\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" dnscrypt-proxy\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Configurer pour Cloudflare DoH\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /opt/homebrew/etc/dnscrypt-proxy.toml\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Assurer ces param\\xE8tres :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"server_names\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" [\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"'cloudflare'\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\", \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"'cloudflare-ipv6']\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"listen_addresses\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" [\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"'127.0.0.1:53'\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\", \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"'[::1]:53']\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"require_dnssec\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" true\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"require_nofilter\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" =\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" false\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9marrer le service\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" services\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" start\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" dnscrypt-proxy\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9finir le DNS syst\\xE8me sur localhost\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setdnsservers\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 127.0.0.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester le DNS chiffr\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"dig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +short\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" @127.0.0.1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" cloudflare.com\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-6--optimisation-de-la-vitesse-vpn-sur-macos\",children:\"Partie 6 : Optimisation de la vitesse VPN sur macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"comprendre-la-perte-de-vitesse-vpn\",children:\"Comprendre la perte de vitesse VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Attentes normales de vitesse VPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Excellent VPN\"}),\" : 10-20% de perte de vitesse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Bon VPN\"}),\" : 20-40% de perte de vitesse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"VPN acceptable\"}),\" : 40-60% de perte de vitesse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mauvais VPN\"}),\" : >60% de perte de vitesse\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Facteurs affectant la vitesse :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surcharge de chiffrement\"}),\" : Co\\xFBt de performance de 10-15%\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Distance du serveur\"}),\" : Chaque 1000km = ~5ms de latence\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Charge du serveur\"}),\" : >70% de capacit\\xE9 = ralentissement significatif\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Choix de protocole\"}),\" : WireGuard le plus rapide, OpenVPN TCP le plus lent\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taille MTU\"}),\" : Taille incorrecte = 30-50% de perte de vitesse\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Limitations CPU\"}),\" : Le chiffrement n\\xE9cessite de la puissance de traitement\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"m\\xE9thodologie-de-test-de-vitesse\",children:\"M\\xE9thodologie de test de vitesse\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de vitesse VPN pr\\xE9cis :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la r\\xE9f\\xE9rence (VPN d\\xE9connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://raw.githubusercontent.com/sivel/speedtest-cli/master/speedtest.py\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" python\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" -\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Enregistrer les r\\xE9sultats :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# T\\xE9l\\xE9chargement : _____ Mbps\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# T\\xE9l\\xE9versement : _____ Mbps\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ping : _____ ms\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Connecter le VPN, attendre 30 secondes, puis tester \\xE0 nouveau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Calculer le pourcentage de perte :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Perte = (R\\xE9f\\xE9rence - VPN) / R\\xE9f\\xE9rence * 100\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test depuis le terminal (pr\\xE9cis) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer speedtest-cli\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" speedtest-cli\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ex\\xE9cuter le test avec VPN d\\xE9connect\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"speedtest-cli\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --simple\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Download: 450.23 Mbit/s\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Upload: 45.67 Mbit/s\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ping: 12.345 ms\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Connecter le VPN et tester \\xE0 nouveau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"speedtest-cli\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --simple\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Comparer les r\\xE9sultats\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Test de vitesse de connexion VPN et performance\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/connection-speed-test.jpg\",width:\"1920\",height:\"1080\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-61--optimisation-du-protocole\",children:\"Solution 6.1 : Optimisation du protocole\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Comparaison de vitesse des protocoles (novembre 2025) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Protocole\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Vitesse\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Stabilit\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Utilisation CPU\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Meilleur pour\"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u{1F947} Le plus rapide\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Excellente\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Faible\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Utilisation g\\xE9n\\xE9rale, mobile\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"IKEv2\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u{1F948} Rapide\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Tr\\xE8s bien\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Moyen\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Appareils Apple, mobile\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"OpenVPN UDP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u{1F949} Mod\\xE9r\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Bien\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\xC9lev\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"R\\xE9seaux restrictifs\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"OpenVPN TCP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u274C Le plus lent\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Excellent\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Le plus \\xE9lev\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Contournement pare-feu\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"L2TP/IPSec\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F D\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Pauvre\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Moyen\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Obsol\\xE8te uniquement\"})]})]})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"S\\xE9lection de protocole optimal :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour vitesse maximale :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" (ou impl\\xE9mentations fournisseur) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : NordLynx\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mullvad : WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ProtonVPN : WireGuard\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2\"}),\" (macOS natif, bon \\xE9quilibre)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour fiabilit\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2\"}),\" (meilleure reconnexion)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN UDP\"}),\" (secours)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour contourner les restrictions :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN TCP port 443\"}),\" (d\\xE9guis\\xE9 en HTTPS)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Changements de protocole sp\\xE9cifiques au fournisseur :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Connexion automatique \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 NordLynx\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Augmentation de vitesse\"}),\" : 40-60% vs OpenVPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 Lightway (UDP)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Augmentation de vitesse\"}),\" : 30-50% vs OpenVPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Augmentation de vitesse\"}),\" : 45-65% vs OpenVPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences \\u2192 Connexion \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Augmentation de vitesse\"}),\" : 35-55% vs OpenVPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-62--optimisation-de-la-s\\xE9lection-de-serveur\",children:\"Solution 6.2 : Optimisation de la s\\xE9lection de serveur\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle #1 : Proximit\\xE9 g\\xE9ographique\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"S\\xE9lectionner des serveurs < 500km de l'emplacement physique pour une vitesse optimale :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver votre emplacement approximatif\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://ipapi.co/json/\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" jq\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" '.city, .region, .country'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Choisir un serveur VPN dans le m\\xEAme pays/r\\xE9gion\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de latence (trouver le serveur le plus rapide) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connexion rapide (s\\xE9lectionne automatiquement la latence la plus faible)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"OU R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Afficher les options avanc\\xE9es \\u2192 Trier par latence\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Smart Location (s\\xE9lectionne automatiquement le serveur optimal)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"OU Liste de serveurs tri\\xE9e par latence\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur le plus rapide (s\\xE9lectionne automatiquement en fonction de la charge et de la latence)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de latence manuel :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester le ping vers diverses IP de serveur VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# (Obtenir les IP de serveur depuis le site Web du fournisseur VPN)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Exemple de test des serveurs NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" us9876.nordvpn.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Serveur US\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" uk2345.nordvpn.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Serveur UK\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" de789.nordvpn.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"   # Serveur Allemagne\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Choisir le serveur avec le ping moyen le plus bas\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle #2 : \\xC9viter les serveurs surcharg\\xE9s\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La plupart des applications affichent la charge du serveur (viser < 50% de charge) :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F7E2} 0-30% de charge : Optimal\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F7E1} 30-70% de charge : Acceptable\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F534} 70-100% de charge : \\xC9viter\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle #3 : Serveurs sp\\xE9cialis\\xE9s\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Certains fournisseurs offrent des serveurs optimis\\xE9s pour la vitesse :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),\" : Serveurs P2P (optimis\\xE9s pour le torrenting)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),\" : Serveurs IP statique (performance constante)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN\"}),\" : Serveurs Plus (10Gbps, abonn\\xE9s uniquement)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),\" : R\\xE9seau NextGen (WireGuard uniquement)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-63--optimisation-mtu-pour-vitesse-maximale\",children:\"Solution 6.3 : Optimisation MTU pour vitesse maximale\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Contexte\"}),\" : Un MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) incorrect provoque une fragmentation de paquets, r\\xE9duisant la vitesse de 30-50%.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Trouver le MTU optimal :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Commencer avec la norme 1500, diminuer jusqu'\\xE0 ce qu'il n'y ait pas de fragmentation\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1472\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"   # Test MTU 1500\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1400\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"   # Test MTU 1428\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1350\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"   # Test MTU 1378\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1300\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"   # Test MTU 1328\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver la plus grande taille de paquet qui r\\xE9ussit, ajouter 28\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Exemple : 1350 + 28 = 1378 MTU optimal\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Appliquer le MTU optimal :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN tierces :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Taille MTU \\u2192 Personnalis\\xE9 \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Taille MTU \\u2192 Manuel \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour la configuration OpenVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Ajouter au fichier .ovpn :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"tun-mtu 1378\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"mssfix 1378\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour le VPN macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 D\\xE9tails\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Options de session \\u2192 MTU personnalis\\xE9 \\u2192 1378\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur OK \\u2192 Appliquer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"V\\xE9rifier le param\\xE8tre MTU :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier le MTU actuel (VPN doit \\xEAtre connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -A\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" utun\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mtu\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester avec MTU optimis\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -D\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -s\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1350\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 10\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" google.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Devrait avoir 0% de perte de paquets\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-64--r\\xE9duire-la-surcharge-de-chiffrement-lorsque-la-s\\xE9curit\\xE9-le-permet\",children:\"Solution 6.4 : R\\xE9duire la surcharge de chiffrement (lorsque la s\\xE9curit\\xE9 le permet)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F Avertissement\"}),\" : R\\xE9duire le chiffrement affaiblit la s\\xE9curit\\xE9. Ne le faire que pour des activit\\xE9s non sensibles.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Optimisation du chiffrement OpenVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"\\xC9diter la configuration .ovpn, changer le chiffrement de AES-256 \\xE0 AES-128 :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Original (s\\xE9curis\\xE9 mais plus lent) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"cipher AES-256-CBC\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"auth SHA256\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Plus rapide (toujours s\\xE9curis\\xE9 pour la plupart des utilisations) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"cipher AES-128-CBC\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"auth SHA1\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Le plus rapide (moins s\\xE9curis\\xE9, streaming uniquement) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"cipher BF-CBC\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"auth MD5\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Impact sur la vitesse :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"AES-256 \\xE0 AES-128 : 10-15% plus rapide\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"AES-256 \\xE0 Blowfish : 25-35% plus rapide\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Compression de donn\\xE9es (\\xE9p\\xE9e \\xE0 double tranchant) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"La compression aide avec le trafic \\xE0 forte teneur en texte mais ralentit la vid\\xE9o/fichiers chiffr\\xE9s :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# Ajouter au fichier .ovpn pour une utilisation \\xE0 forte teneur en texte :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"comp-lzo yes\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver pour une utilisation vid\\xE9o/torrent :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{children:\"comp-lzo no\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-65--d\\xE9sactiver-les-fonctionnalit\\xE9s-vpn-inutiles\",children:\"Solution 6.5 : D\\xE9sactiver les fonctionnalit\\xE9s VPN inutiles\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"De nombreuses fonctionnalit\\xE9s VPN ajoutent une surcharge :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fonctionnalit\\xE9s \\xE0 d\\xE9sactiver pour la vitesse :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Kill Switch\"}),\" : Ajoute une surcharge d'inspection de paquets\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver sauf si critique pour la s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse\"}),\" : 5-10%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Blocage pub/traqueur\"}),\" : N\\xE9cessite un filtrage DNS\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser une extension de navigateur \\xE0 la place\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse\"}),\" : 3-7%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Multi-hop/Double VPN\"}),\" : Route via 2+ serveurs\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver sauf si confidentialit\\xE9 extr\\xEAme n\\xE9cessaire\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse\"}),\" : 50-70%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Serveurs obscurcis\"}),\" : Couche de chiffrement suppl\\xE9mentaire\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"N\\xE9cessaire uniquement dans les pays restrictifs\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse\"}),\" : 15-25%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Exemples sp\\xE9cifiques au fournisseur :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver CyberSec (utiliser uBlock Origin \\xE0 la place)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver Threat Protection (utiliser Malwarebytes \\xE0 la place)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse attendu\"}),\" : 10-15%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver CleanWeb\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver Bypasser (sauf si n\\xE9cessaire)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse attendu\"}),\" : 8-12%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver Threat Manager\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de vitesse attendu\"}),\" : 5-10%\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-66--optimisations-de-performance-sp\\xE9cifiques-\\xE0-macos\",children:\"Solution 6.6 : Optimisations de performance sp\\xE9cifiques \\xE0 macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver la limitation des extensions r\\xE9seau :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"macOS Tahoe 26 peut limiter les extensions r\\xE9seau tierces :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier l'\\xE9tat de limitation actuel\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" sysctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" net.link.generic.system.threshold\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver la limitation (n\\xE9cessite SIP d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9 - utilisateurs avanc\\xE9s uniquement)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" sysctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -w\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" net.link.generic.system.threshold=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"0\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Note : Ceci survit jusqu'au red\\xE9marrage ; ajouter \\xE0 /etc/sysctl.conf pour permanence\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Optimiser l'activit\\xE9 r\\xE9seau en arri\\xE8re-plan :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9duire l'activit\\xE9 mDNSResponder\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" unload\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -w\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" load\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -w\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.mDNSResponder.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver AirDrop/Handoff pendant l'utilisation VPN (r\\xE9duit l'interf\\xE9rence)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"defaults\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" write\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.apple.NetworkBrowser\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DisableAirDrop\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -bool\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" YES\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" defaults\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" write\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth.plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DontPageAudioDevices\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -bool\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" YES\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9activer apr\\xE8s la session VPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"defaults\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" delete\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.apple.NetworkBrowser\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DisableAirDrop\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" defaults\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" delete\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth.plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" DontPageAudioDevices\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration mat\\xE9rielle GPU (WireGuard) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer WireGuard avec Homebrew (prend en charge l'acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration mat\\xE9rielle)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" wireguard-tools\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier que l'acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration mat\\xE9rielle est activ\\xE9e\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# (Les Mac s\\xE9rie M ont une acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration crypto int\\xE9gr\\xE9e)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sysctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" hw.optional\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" aes\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# hw.optional.arm.FEAT_AES: 1  <-- AES mat\\xE9riel activ\\xE9\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-7--solutions-vpn-dentreprise-et-corporate\",children:\"Partie 7 : Solutions VPN d'entreprise et corporate\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"comprendre-les-d\\xE9fis-vpn-dentreprise\",children:\"Comprendre les d\\xE9fis VPN d'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pourquoi les VPN d'entreprise \\xE9chouent sur macOS Tahoe 26 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Changements de validation de certificat\"}),\" : Exigence SAN cassant les anciens certificats\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9pr\\xE9ciation d'algorithme de chiffrement\"}),\" : 3DES, SHA1 supprim\\xE9s\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Suppression du protocole IKEv1\"}),\" : De nombreux VPN d'entreprise utilisent encore IKEv1\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Restrictions d'appareil g\\xE9r\\xE9\"}),\" : Profils MDM en conflit avec le VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Conflits DNS fractionn\\xE9s\"}),\" : DNS d'entreprise rempla\\xE7ant le DNS VPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-71--probl\\xE8mes-cisco-anyconnect\",children:\"Solution 7.1 : Probl\\xE8mes Cisco AnyConnect\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur courante : \"The VPN connection failed due to unsuccessful domain name resolution\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : \\xC9chec de r\\xE9solution DNS pour le nom d'h\\xF4te de la passerelle VPN.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la r\\xE9solution DNS pour la passerelle VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nslookup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.yourcompany.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si \\xE7a \\xE9choue, essayez avec un DNS diff\\xE9rent :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nslookup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.yourcompany.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 8.8.8.8\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Mettre \\xE0 jour vers le dernier Cisco AnyConnect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Version minimale requise pour macOS Tahoe 26 : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"5.1.4.29\"}),\" (novembre 2025)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter le service IT pour le dernier installateur .dmg\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sinstaller l'ancienne version :\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /opt/cisco/anyconnect/bin/anyconnect_uninstall.sh\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{start:\"3\",children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Installer la nouvelle version\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Red\\xE9marrer le Mac\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Importer le certificat mis \\xE0 jour\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Obtenir le certificat mis \\xE0 jour de l'IT (devrait avoir le champ SAN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Double-cliquer sur le fichier .cer pour l'importer dans le trousseau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ouvrir Acc\\xE8s au trousseau \\u2192 Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Trouver le certificat\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Clic droit \\u2192 Lire les informations \\u2192 Confiance \\u2192 Toujours faire confiance\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Red\\xE9marrer Cisco AnyConnect\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : Activer le chiffrement obsol\\xE8te (temporaire)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Risque de s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),\" - Utiliser uniquement si l'IT approuve :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"\\xC9diter les pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences AnyConnect :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /opt/cisco/anyconnect/profile/YourProfile.xml\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Ajouter avant \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"</AnyConnectProfile>\"}),\" :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"EnableLegacyEncryption\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">true</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"EnableLegacyEncryption\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"MinimumTLSVersion\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">1.0</\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#22863A\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#85E89D\"},children:\"MinimumTLSVersion\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\">\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution D : Contourner les restrictions d'extension r\\xE9seau macOS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Accorder l'acc\\xE8s complet au disque \\xE0 Cisco AnyConnect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" sqlite3\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Application\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Support/com.apple.TCC/TCC.db\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" \\\\\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:`    \"INSERT or REPLACE INTO access VALUES('kTCCServiceSystemPolicyAllFiles','com.cisco.anyconnect.gui',0,2,3,1,NULL,NULL,0,'UNUSED',NULL,0,1541440109);\"`})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrage requis\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" reboot\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-72--probl\\xE8mes-fortinet-forticlient-vpn\",children:\"Solution 7.2 : Probl\\xE8mes Fortinet FortiClient VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur courante : \"Failed to process SSL VPN configuration\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Mettre \\xE0 jour FortiClient vers 7.2.5+ (compatible Tahoe 26)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger depuis : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://www.fortinet.com/support/product-downloads\",children:\"https://www.fortinet.com/support/product-downloads\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Passer \\xE0 l'authentification SAML\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Si votre organisation prend en charge SAML SSO :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"FortiClient \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 Modifier la configuration\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"M\\xE9thode d'authentification \\u2192 SAML\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Entrer l'URL du portail IdP (obtenir de l'IT)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S'authentifier via navigateur\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : Corriger les probl\\xE8mes de confiance de certificat\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Exporter le certificat FortiClient\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" find-certificate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -a\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -p\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"FortiClient\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Keychains/System.keychain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/forticlient.pem\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9importer avec param\\xE8tres de confiance\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add-trusted-cert\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -d\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -r\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" trustRoot\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Keychains/System.keychain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/forticlient.pem\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer FortiClient\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" killall\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" FortiClient\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-73--probl\\xE8mes-palo-alto-globalprotect\",children:\"Solution 7.3 : Probl\\xE8mes Palo Alto GlobalProtect\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur courante : \"Gateway certificates do not match\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Effacer le cache GlobalProtect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Arr\\xEAter GlobalProtect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" unload\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchAgents/com.paloaltonetworks.gp.pangp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer le cache\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Logs/PaloAltoNetworks/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Logs/PaloAltoNetworks/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /opt/paloaltonetworks/globalprotect/PanGPS.log\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer GlobalProtect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" load\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchAgents/com.paloaltonetworks.gp.pangp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Mettre \\xE0 jour vers GlobalProtect 6.2.4+\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Version minimale pour macOS Tahoe 26 : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"6.2.4\"}),\" (octobre 2025)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Obtenir du service IT ou t\\xE9l\\xE9charger depuis le portail de support Palo Alto.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : D\\xE9sactiver HIP (Host Information Profile) temporairement\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Si les v\\xE9rifications HIP \\xE9chouent :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# \\xC9diter la configuration GlobalProtect\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.paloaltonetworks.GlobalProtect.settings.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver et d\\xE9finir :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"EnableHIP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"false/\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Enregistrer et red\\xE9marrer GlobalProtect\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-74--probl\\xE8mes-sonicwall-mobile-connect\",children:\"Solution 7.4 : Probl\\xE8mes SonicWall Mobile Connect\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me majeur\"}),\" : L'impl\\xE9mentation IKEv2 de SonicWall incompatible avec macOS Tahoe 26.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution : Utiliser SSL-VPN au lieu d'IKEv2\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"SonicWall Mobile Connect \\u2192 Connexions \\u2192 Modifier\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Type de connexion : SSL-VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Entrer la passerelle et les identifiants\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Alternative : Utiliser le VPN macOS natif (IKEv2) avec firmware mis \\xE0 jour\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"N\\xE9cessite le firmware SonicWall \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"7.0.1-5168\"}),\" ou plus r\\xE9cent (novembre 2025) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 Ajouter une configuration VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Type VPN : IKEv2\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Adresse du serveur : (votre IP/domaine SonicWall)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ID distant : (g\\xE9n\\xE9ralement identique \\xE0 l'adresse du serveur)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ID local : (votre nom d'utilisateur)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Param\\xE8tres d'authentification \\u2192 Nom d'utilisateur + Mot de passe\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"OU \\u2192 Certificat (si utilisation de l'authentification par certificat)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Contacter l'IT pour mettre \\xE0 jour le firmware SonicWall si la connexion \\xE9choue.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-75--azure-vpn--microsoft-always-on-vpn\",children:\"Solution 7.5 : Azure VPN / Microsoft Always On VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me\"}),\" : Profils Azure VPN utilisant un format XML obsol\\xE8te.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Demander un profil VPN mis \\xE0 jour\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Demander \\xE0 l'IT le format de profil \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"PBMXL (ProfileXML)\"}),\" (compatible Windows 10+ / macOS Tahoe 26).\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Utiliser Microsoft Remote Desktop + Azure Bastion\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Alternative au VPN complet :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Installer Microsoft Remote Desktop depuis l'App Store\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Se connecter \\xE0 l'h\\xF4te Azure Bastion (obtenir les d\\xE9tails de l'IT)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Acc\\xE9der aux ressources internes via la session RDP\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : Client VPN Azure (application officielle)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger le client VPN Azure : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://aka.ms/azvpnclientdownload\",children:\"https://aka.ms/azvpnclientdownload\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Importer le fichier .azurevpnconfig (obtenir de l'IT)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter via l'authentification Azure AD\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"solution-76--wireguard-pour-usage-dentreprise\",children:\"Solution 7.6 : WireGuard pour usage d'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Avantages :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Protocole moderne, rapide et s\\xE9curis\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pas de probl\\xE8mes d'algorithme obsol\\xE8te\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Secret de transmission parfait\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Coh\\xE9rence multiplateforme\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Configuration de WireGuard :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer WireGuard\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" wireguard-tools\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un r\\xE9pertoire de configuration\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" mkdir\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -p\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /etc/wireguard\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" chmod\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 700\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /etc/wireguard\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Obtenir le fichier de configuration de l'IT (devrait fournir un fichier .conf)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Le placer comme /etc/wireguard/company.conf\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Se connecter au VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" wg-quick\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" up\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" company\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Se d\\xE9connecter\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" wg-quick\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" down\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" company\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Exemple de configuration WireGuard\"}),\" (l'IT doit fournir) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M 6,1 C 4.354992,1 3,2.354992 3,4 v 16 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 12 c 1.645008,0 3,-1.354992 3,-3 V 8 7 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 20.707031,6.2929687 l -5,-5 A 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 15,1 h -1 z m 0,2 h 7 v 3 c 0,1.645008 1.354992,3 3,3 h 3 v 11 c 0,0.564129 -0.435871,1 -1,1 H 6 C 5.4358712,21 5,20.564129 5,20 V 4 C 5,3.4358712 5.4358712,3 6,3 Z M 15,3.4140625 18.585937,7 H 16 C 15.435871,7 15,6.5641288 15,6 Z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"[Interface]\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"PrivateKey\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = <your-private-key>\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"Address\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = 10.10.10.5/24\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"DNS\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = 10.10.10.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"[Peer]\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"PublicKey\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = <company-server-public-key>\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"AllowedIPs\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = 10.10.0.0/16, 192.168.0.0/16\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"Endpoint\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = vpn.company.com:51820\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"PersistentKeepalive\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" = 25\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option GUI\"}),\" : Application officielle WireGuard (App Store)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Installer depuis le Mac App Store\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Importer le fichier .conf\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Basculer la connexion activ\\xE9e/d\\xE9sactiv\\xE9e\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-8--conflits-de-pare-feu-et-logiciels-de-s\\xE9curit\\xE9\",children:\"Partie 8 : Conflits de pare-feu et logiciels de s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-81--little-snitch-bloque-le-vpn\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 8.1 : Little Snitch bloque le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sympt\\xF4mes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN se connecte mais pas d'acc\\xE8s Internet\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Little Snitch affiche l'application VPN comme \"en connexion\"`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"La connexion VPN manuelle fonctionne, l'application tierce \\xE9choue\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"Configuration de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 pare-feu\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/firewall-security.jpg\",width:\"1600\",height:\"900\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Cr\\xE9er des r\\xE8gles Little Snitch pour le VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Little Snitch \\u2192 R\\xE8gles\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"+\"}),\" \\u2192 Nouvelle r\\xE8gle\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Processus : S\\xE9lectionner votre application VPN (ex : NordVPN.app)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Action : Autoriser\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : Tous\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Via : Toute interface\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur Enregistrer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN courantes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser : com.nordvpn.macos\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser : com.nordvpn.NordVPNLauncher\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 443, 1194, 51820 (UDP & TCP)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser : com.expressvpn.ExpressVPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser : com.expressvpn.expressvpn-launcher\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 443, 1194, 1195, 1301 (UDP & TCP)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser : com.surfshark.vpnclient.macos\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 443, 1194, 51820 (UDP & TCP)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : D\\xE9sactiver Little Snitch temporairement\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver Little Snitch (n\\xE9cessite une authentification)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Applications/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch.app/Contents/Components/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Daemon.bundle/Contents/MacOS/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Daemon\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --disable\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la connexion VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9activer Little Snitch\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Applications/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch.app/Contents/Components/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Daemon.bundle/Contents/MacOS/Little\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Snitch\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Daemon\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --enable\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution C : Autoriser les protocoles VPN \\xE0 l'\\xE9chelle du syst\\xE8me\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Little Snitch \\u2192 R\\xE8gles \\u2192 + Nouvelle r\\xE8gle :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle 1 : Autoriser OpenVPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Processus : Tous\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 1194 (UDP & TCP), 443 (TCP)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Action : Autoriser\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle 2 : Autoriser WireGuard\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Processus : Tous\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 51820 (UDP)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Action : Autoriser\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE8gle 3 : Autoriser IKEv2\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Processus : Tous\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ports : 500 (UDP), 4500 (UDP)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Action : Autoriser\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-82--pare-feu-macos-int\\xE9gr\\xE9-bloque-le-vpn\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 8.2 : Pare-feu macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 bloque le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sympt\\xF4me\"}),\" : Le VPN se connecte mais des applications sp\\xE9cifiques ne peuvent pas acc\\xE9der \\xE0 Internet.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution : Autoriser les connexions entrantes\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me\"}),\" \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 Pare-feu \\u2192 Options\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9cocher \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Bloquer toutes les connexions entrantes\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"S'assurer que \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Autoriser automatiquement les logiciels int\\xE9gr\\xE9s \\xE0 recevoir les connexions entrantes\"'}),\" est coch\\xE9\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Cliquer sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"+\"}),\" et ajouter votre application VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9finir sur \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Autoriser les connexions entrantes\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cliquer sur OK\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode par terminal :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier l'\\xE9tat du pare-feu\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --getglobalstate\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter l'application VPN \\xE0 la liste autoris\\xE9e\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Applications/NordVPN.app\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Applications/ExpressVPN.app\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Recharger le pare-feu\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" pkill\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -HUP\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" socketfilterfw\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8me-83--logiciel-antivirus-interf\\xE9rant\",children:\"Probl\\xE8me 8.3 : Logiciel antivirus interf\\xE9rant\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Coupables courants :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Norton 360\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"McAfee Total Protection\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bitdefender\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Kaspersky\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Avast/AVG\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution g\\xE9n\\xE9rique :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ouvrir l'application antivirus\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Pare-feu/Protection r\\xE9seau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ajouter l'application VPN aux exclusions/liste blanche\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Autoriser les ports VPN (443, 1194, 51820, 500, 4500)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver l'analyse SSL pour le trafic VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Norton 360 sp\\xE9cifique :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Norton \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Pare-feu\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contr\\xF4le de programme \\u2192 Ajouter\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S\\xE9lectionner l'application VPN \\u2192 Autoriser\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Param\\xE8tres avanc\\xE9s \\u2192 R\\xE8gles de trafic \\u2192 Autoriser sortant sur tous les ports\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Bitdefender sp\\xE9cifique :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bitdefender \\u2192 Protection \\u2192 Pare-feu\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Acc\\xE8s \\xE0 l'application \\u2192 Ajouter\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S\\xE9lectionner l'application VPN \\u2192 Autoriser\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Adaptateur r\\xE9seau \\u2192 S\\xE9lectionner l'adaptateur VPN (utun) \\u2192 Approuv\\xE9\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-9--d\\xE9codeur-de-messages-derreur-et-solutions\",children:\"Partie 9 : D\\xE9codeur de messages d'erreur et solutions\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"messages-derreur-vpn-courants\",children:\"Messages d'erreur VPN courants\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.img,{alt:\"D\\xE9pannage d'erreur et processus de d\\xE9bogage\",src:\"/images/blog/macos-vpn-troubleshooting-guide-2025/error-troubleshooting.jpg\",width:\"1920\",height:\"1080\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 1 : \"No acceptable proposal found\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Signification\"}),\" : Le serveur VPN et le client ne peuvent pas s'entendre sur les param\\xE8tres de chiffrement.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : macOS Tahoe 26 a supprim\\xE9 les algorithmes de chiffrement faibles (3DES, SHA1, groupes DH faibles).\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mettre \\xE0 jour le client VPN vers la derni\\xE8re version\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter l'IT/fournisseur VPN pour mettre \\xE0 jour la configuration du serveur\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pour les VPN d'entreprise : Mettre \\xE0 jour vers IKEv2 avec AES-256-GCM, SHA256, DH Group 14+\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution de contournement temporaire\"}),\" (avanc\\xE9, r\\xE9duit la s\\xE9curit\\xE9) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour le VPN macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 uniquement\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nano\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter sous le dictionnaire IPSec :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"ProposalsBehavior\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"Claim\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"RemoteAddress\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/key\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"YOUR_VPN_SERVER\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\"/string\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\">\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 2 : \"Certificate trust validation failed\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Signification\"}),\" : Le certificat du serveur VPN ne r\\xE9pond pas aux exigences de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 macOS.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution A : Faire confiance au certificat manuellement\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Obtenir le certificat du serveur VPN (remplacer vpn.example.com)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"echo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" openssl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" s_client\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -connect\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com:443\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" 2>\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"/dev/null\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" openssl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" x509\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-cert.pem\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Importer et faire confiance\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add-trusted-cert\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -d\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -r\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" trustRoot\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Keychains/System.keychain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-cert.pem\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la confiance\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" verify-cert\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-cert.pem\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution B : Installer le certificat CA racine\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Si votre organisation utilise une CA interne :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Obtenir le certificat CA racine de l'IT\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Double-cliquer pour l'importer dans le trousseau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Acc\\xE8s au trousseau \\u2192 Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Trouver le certificat CA\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Clic droit \\u2192 Lire les informations \\u2192 Confiance \\u2192 Toujours faire confiance\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Fermer (s'authentifier lorsque demand\\xE9)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 3 : \"The VPN server did not respond\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester la connectivit\\xE9 au serveur VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester les ports VPN sp\\xE9cifiques\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 443\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1194\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nc\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -zv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 500\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la r\\xE9solution DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"nslookup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le serveur peut \\xEAtre en panne (contacter le fournisseur/IT)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pare-feu bloquant les ports VPN (voir Partie 8)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Adresse de serveur incorrecte dans la configuration\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"FAI bloquant le trafic VPN (essayer un port/protocole diff\\xE9rent)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 4 : \"Authentication failed - user cancelled\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Signification\"}),\" : Acc\\xE8s au trousseau syst\\xE8me refus\\xE9 ou identifiants non stock\\xE9s.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser les autorisations du trousseau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" security\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" unlock-keychain\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si corrompu, reconstruire le trousseau (AVERTISSEMENT : perd les mots de passe enregistr\\xE9s)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"mv\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain-db\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/keychain-backup\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Le syst\\xE8me cr\\xE9era un nouveau trousseau \\xE0 la prochaine connexion\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN utilisant le trousseau :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Acc\\xE8s au trousseau \\u2192 Connexion \\u2192 Mots de passe\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Trouver l'entr\\xE9e de l'application VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Clic droit \\u2192 Lire les informations \\u2192 Contr\\xF4le d'acc\\xE8s\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'S\\xE9lectionner \"Autoriser toutes les applications \\xE0 acc\\xE9der \\xE0 cet \\xE9l\\xE9ment\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Enregistrer les modifications\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 5 : \"Network Extension configuration is invalid\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Signification\"}),\" : Configuration de l'extension syst\\xE8me de l'application VPN corrompue.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer toutes les configurations d'extension r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser la base de donn\\xE9es des extensions r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" kickstart\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -k\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" system/com.apple.NetworkExtension\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9installer l'application VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 1. D\\xE9sinstaller compl\\xE8tement l'application VPN actuelle\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 2. Red\\xE9marrer le Mac\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 3. T\\xE9l\\xE9charger un nouvel installateur depuis le site Web du fournisseur\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 4. Installer et configurer\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Erreur 6 : \"Operation timed out\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Diagnostic :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Augmenter le d\\xE9lai d'expiration et r\\xE9essayer la connexion\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Pour OpenVPN, \\xE9diter le fichier .ovpn :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"connect-timeout\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 60\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"connect-retry-max\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester avec un d\\xE9lai d'expiration augment\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ping\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -t\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 10\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -c\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" vpn.example.com\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Congestion r\\xE9seau (essayer \\xE0 une heure diff\\xE9rente de la journ\\xE9e)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur VPN surcharg\\xE9 (essayer un serveur diff\\xE9rent)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Taille MTU trop grande (voir Partie 3, Solution 3.2)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pare-feu abandonnant des paquets (voir Partie 8)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-10--techniques-de-d\\xE9pannage-avanc\\xE9es\",children:\"Partie 10 : Techniques de d\\xE9pannage avanc\\xE9es\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"technique-101--analyse-de-capture-de-paquets\",children:\"Technique 10.1 : Analyse de capture de paquets\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Quand utiliser\"}),\" : Probl\\xE8mes de connexion sans messages d'erreur clairs.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Capturer le trafic VPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer Wireshark\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --cask\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" wireshark\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver votre interface r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -A\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"en0\\\\|en1\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9marrer la capture de paquets (VPN d\\xE9connect\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" tcpdump\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en0\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -w\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-before.pcap\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Laisser fonctionner pendant 30 secondes, puis Ctrl+C\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Connecter le VPN, d\\xE9marrer une autre capture\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" tcpdump\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" utun2\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -w\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-connected.pcap\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Analyser les captures dans Wireshark\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -a\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wireshark\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-before.pcap\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce qu'il faut rechercher :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Requ\\xEAtes DNS allant au mauvais serveur = Fuite DNS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Trafic non chiffr\\xE9 sur utun = \\xC9chec de chiffrement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'ICMP \"Fragmentation Needed\" = MTU trop grand'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Retransmissions TCP = Perte de paquets\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"technique-102--analyse-des-journaux-syst\\xE8me\",children:\"Technique 10.2 : Analyse des journaux syst\\xE8me\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surveillance des journaux VPN en temps r\\xE9el :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Surveiller tous les journaux li\\xE9s au VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" log\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" stream\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --predicate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:` '(process == \"nesessionmanager\") || (process == \"VPNService\") || (subsystem == \"com.apple.networkextension\")'`}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --level\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" debug\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Surveiller une application VPN sp\\xE9cifique (remplacer par le nom de votre application)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" log\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" stream\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --predicate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:` 'process CONTAINS \"nordvpn\"'`}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --level\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" debug\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Enregistrer les journaux dans un fichier pour analyse ult\\xE9rieure\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" log\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" show\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --predicate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:` 'process == \"nesessionmanager\"'`}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --last\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 30m\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/vpn-logs.txt\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mod\\xE8les de journaux courants :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Failed to establish IKE SA\" = \\xC9chec de n\\xE9gociation IKEv2'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"V\\xE9rifier la compatibilit\\xE9 de l'algorithme de chiffrement\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"DNS resolution failed\" = Probl\\xE8me DNS'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Corriger la configuration DNS (voir Partie 4)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'\"Network extension sandbox violation\" = Permission refus\\xE9e'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Accorder l'acc\\xE8s complet au disque (voir Partie 2)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"technique-103--r\\xE9initialiser-tous-les-param\\xE8tres-r\\xE9seau-option-nucl\\xE9aire\",children:\"Technique 10.3 : R\\xE9initialiser tous les param\\xE8tres r\\xE9seau (option nucl\\xE9aire)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F Avertissement\"}),\" : Cela effacera TOUTES les configurations r\\xE9seau, y compris :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mots de passe Wi-Fi\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Configurations VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Appariements Bluetooth\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Emplacements r\\xE9seau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE8gles de pare-feu\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sauvegarder avant de r\\xE9initialiser :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Sauvegarder les configurations r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" cp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -R\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/NetworkBackup/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Sauvegarder les r\\xE9seaux Wi-Fi connus\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" cp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.wifi.message-tracer.plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Sauvegarder les configurations VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"cp\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Desktop/VPNBackup/\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9initialisation r\\xE9seau compl\\xE8te :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Supprimer toutes les configurations r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/NetworkInterfaces.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.network.identification.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.airport.preferences.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.control.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.networkextension.\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"*\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer le Mac\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" reboot\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Apr\\xE8s le red\\xE9marrage :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconfigurer les connexions Wi-Fi\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9installer les applications VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconfigurer les param\\xE8tres r\\xE9seau\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"technique-104--tester-avec-un-r\\xE9seau-alternatif\",children:\"Technique 10.4 : Tester avec un r\\xE9seau alternatif\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Isoler les probl\\xE8mes r\\xE9seau vs syst\\xE8me :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester le VPN sur diff\\xE9rents r\\xE9seaux :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 1. Wi-Fi domestique\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 2. Point d'acc\\xE8s mobile (iPhone/Android)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 3. Wi-Fi public (caf\\xE9, biblioth\\xE8que)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 4. Ethernet filaire (si disponible)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si le VPN fonctionne sur certains r\\xE9seaux mais pas sur d'autres :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# = Probl\\xE8me sp\\xE9cifique au r\\xE9seau (routeur, FAI, pare-feu)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si le VPN \\xE9choue sur TOUS les r\\xE9seaux :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# = Probl\\xE8me syst\\xE8me macOS ou client VPN\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de point d'acc\\xE8s mobile :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer le point d'acc\\xE8s personnel sur iPhone\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter le Mac au point d'acc\\xE8s iPhone\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tester la connexion VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si r\\xE9ussi \\u2192 Le r\\xE9seau domestique/FAI bloque le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si \\xE9chou\\xE9 \\u2192 Probl\\xE8me macOS ou client VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test Ethernet :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier la connectivit\\xE9 Ethernet\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -A\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 5\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" en1\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # ou en0 pour certains Macs\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9finir Ethernet comme interface r\\xE9seau principale\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -ordernetworkservices\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"Ethernet\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"Wi-Fi\"'})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester le VPN via Ethernet\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si fonctionne \\u2192 Probl\\xE8me d'interf\\xE9rence Wi-Fi\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Si \\xE9choue \\u2192 Pas sp\\xE9cifique au r\\xE9seau\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-11--d\\xE9pannage-sp\\xE9cifique-au-fournisseur\",children:\"Partie 11 : D\\xE9pannage sp\\xE9cifique au fournisseur\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8mes-nordvpn-macos\",children:\"Probl\\xE8mes NordVPN macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Le protocole NordLynx ne se connecte pas\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier l'\\xE9tat du service NordVPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ps\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" aux\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" nordvpn\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser la configuration NordVPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Application\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Support/com.nordvpn.macos/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -rf\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Preferences/com.nordvpn.macos.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer l'application NordVPN\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Probl\\xE8me : \"Unable to connect to NordVPN service\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Red\\xE9marrer le daemon NordVPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" unload\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.nordvpn.macos.helper.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" load\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/LaunchDaemons/com.nordvpn.macos.helper.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Accorder les autorisations si n\\xE9cessaire\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" chmod\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 755\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /Library/PrivilegedHelperTools/com.nordvpn.macos.helper\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes de kill switch NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN \\u2192 Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences \\u2192 Kill Switch \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si r\\xE9ussi, r\\xE9activer le kill switch\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si toujours en \\xE9chec :\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser les r\\xE8gles du pare-feu\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --setglobalstate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" off\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" /usr/libexec/ApplicationFirewall/socketfilterfw\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --setglobalstate\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" on\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8mes-expressvpn-macos\",children:\"Probl\\xE8mes ExpressVPN macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : \\xC9chec du protocole Lightway\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ExpressVPN \\u2192 Options \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 Automatique (au lieu de Lightway)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"OU essayer OpenVPN UDP manuellement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Si Automatique fonctionne mais pas Lightway :\",`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mettre \\xE0 jour ExpressVPN vers la derni\\xE8re version (12.8+ pour Tahoe 26)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter le support ExpressVPN pour le d\\xE9pannage Lightway\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Network Lock (kill switch) bloque Internet\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# D\\xE9sactiver Network Lock via le terminal\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"/Applications/ExpressVPN.app/Contents/MacOS/ExpressVPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" disable-network-lock\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Reconnecter le VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9activer si n\\xE9cessaire\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"/Applications/ExpressVPN.app/Contents/MacOS/ExpressVPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" enable-network-lock\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8mes d'activation ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Effacer le cache d'activation\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"rm\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/Application\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\"\\\\ \"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"Support/com.expressvpn.expressvpn-ui/activation_data\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9initialiser les param\\xE8tres ExpressVPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"defaults\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" delete\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" com.expressvpn.expressvpn-ui\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Relancer et r\\xE9activer\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8mes-surfshark-macos\",children:\"Probl\\xE8mes Surfshark macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : D\\xE9connexion du protocole WireGuard\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 IKEv2\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tester la connexion\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Si stable avec IKEv2, le probl\\xE8me est sp\\xE9cifique \\xE0 WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter le support Surfshark pour le d\\xE9pannage WireGuard\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Bypasser (tunneling fractionn\\xE9) ne fonctionne pas\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : Les limitations de l'API macOS 11+ emp\\xEAchent le tunneling fractionn\\xE9 traditionnel.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution\"}),\" : Utiliser le Bypasser bas\\xE9 sur les applications de Surfshark :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Bypasser \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Choisir les applications \\xE0 exclure du VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ajouter : Safari.app, Chrome.app, ou applications professionnelles sp\\xE9cifiques\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Note\"}),\" : Seules les applications peuvent \\xEAtre contourn\\xE9es, pas les plages IP ou les sites Web.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark CleanWeb provoquant des probl\\xE8mes DNS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Fonctionnalit\\xE9s \\u2192 CleanWeb \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser un bloqueur de publicit\\xE9s bas\\xE9 sur le navigateur \\xE0 la place (uBlock Origin)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8mes-private-internet-access-pia\",children:\"Probl\\xE8mes Private Internet Access (PIA)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Utilisation CPU \\xE9lev\\xE9e\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"L'impl\\xE9mentation OpenVPN de PIA peut utiliser un CPU excessif sur macOS.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution\"}),\" : Passer au protocole WireGuard :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages PIA \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connexion \\u2192 Reconnecter\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surveiller l'utilisation CPU dans le Moniteur d'activit\\xE9\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Utilisation CPU attendue :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"WireGuard : 1-3% pendant l'utilisation active\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"OpenVPN : 5-15% pendant l'utilisation active\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : PIA MACE (bloqueur de publicit\\xE9s) bloque des sites Web\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 \\u2192 PIA MACE \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser une extension de blocage de publicit\\xE9s pour le navigateur\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter au VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h3,{id:\"probl\\xE8mes-protonvpn-macos\",children:\"Probl\\xE8mes ProtonVPN macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Protocole IKEv2 d\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution\"}),\" : ProtonVPN passe \\xE0 WireGuard uniquement :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ProtonVPN \\u2192 Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences \\u2192 Connexion \\u2192 Protocole \\u2192 WireGuard\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Reconnecter le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"IKEv2/OpenVPN seront compl\\xE8tement supprim\\xE9s d'ici Q2 2026\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Probl\\xE8me : Secure Core extr\\xEAmement lent\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cause profonde\"}),\" : Secure Core route via 2 serveurs pour une confidentialit\\xE9 am\\xE9lior\\xE9e.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution pour la vitesse :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"D\\xE9sactiver Secure Core pour une utilisation normale :\",`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rences \\u2192 Fonctionnalit\\xE9s \\u2192 Secure Core \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer uniquement lorsque la confidentialit\\xE9 maximale est n\\xE9cessaire (d\\xE9nonciation, journalisme)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Limites de vitesse du niveau gratuit ProtonVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Le niveau gratuit est limit\\xE9 \\xE0 3 pays et des vitesses plus lentes :\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Gratuit : 1-5 Mbps typique\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Plus : 100+ Mbps typique\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Passer \\xE0 Plus pour la vitesse compl\\xE8te.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"partie-12--foire-aux-questions-faq\",children:\"Partie 12 : Foire aux questions (FAQ)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q1 : Pourquoi mon VPN a-t-il cess\\xE9 de fonctionner apr\\xE8s la mise \\xE0 jour vers macOS Tahoe 26 ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : macOS Tahoe 26 a supprim\\xE9 la prise en charge des algorithmes de chiffrement obsol\\xE8tes (3DES, SHA1, groupes Diffie-Hellman faibles) et d\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9 IKEv1. Mettez \\xE0 jour votre application VPN vers la derni\\xE8re version prenant en charge le chiffrement moderne (AES-256-GCM, SHA256, protocoles IKEv2/WireGuard).\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctif imm\\xE9diat :\"}),\" V\\xE9rifier les mises \\xE0 jour de l'application VPN dans l'App Store ou sur le site Web du fournisseur, installer la derni\\xE8re version et red\\xE9marrer le Mac.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q2 : Comment savoir si mon VPN fonctionne r\\xE9ellement et ne fuit pas mon IP r\\xE9elle ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Tester avec plusieurs outils de d\\xE9tection de fuite :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester depuis le terminal\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"curl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://api.ipify.org\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"  # Devrait afficher l'IP VPN\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ouvrir les tests de fuite de navigateur\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://www.dnsleaktest.com/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://ipleak.net/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" https://browserleaks.com/webrtc\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\\xE9sultats attendus :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 L'IP correspond \\xE0 l'emplacement du serveur VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Les serveurs DNS appartiennent au fournisseur VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Aucune adresse IPv6 affich\\xE9e (ou correspond \\xE0 l'IPv6 VPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 WebRTC affiche uniquement l'IP VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Si des fuites sont d\\xE9tect\\xE9es :\"}),\" Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-5-pr%C3%A9vention-des-fuites-dns-et-configuration\",children:\"Partie 5 : Pr\\xE9vention des fuites DNS\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q3 : Pourquoi mon VPN est-il si lent sur Mac mais rapide sur iPhone ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Causes courantes sp\\xE9cifiques \\xE0 macOS :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Taille MTU non optimis\\xE9e\"}),\" \\u2192 Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#solution-63-optimisation-mtu-pour-vitesse-maximale\",children:\"Partie 6, Solution 6.3\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Inefficacit\\xE9 du protocole\"}),\" \\u2192 Passer \\xE0 WireGuard (le plus rapide)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Processus en arri\\xE8re-plan\"}),\" \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver Time Machine, synchronisation iCloud pendant l'utilisation VPN\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"S\\xE9lection de serveur\"}),\" \\u2192 Utiliser un serveur de proximit\\xE9 g\\xE9ographique\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surcharge de chiffrement sur les Mac Intel\"}),\" \\u2192 Les Mac s\\xE9rie M ont une acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration mat\\xE9rielle\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Test de vitesse rapide :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer speedtest-cli\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" speedtest-cli\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester sans VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"speedtest-cli\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --simple\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Connecter le VPN, attendre 30s, tester \\xE0 nouveau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"speedtest-cli\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --simple\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# >60% de perte de vitesse = enqu\\xEAter davantage\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q4 : Puis-je utiliser un VPN avec iCloud Private Relay en m\\xEAme temps ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Non, ils sont en conflit\"}),\". iCloud Private Relay est un service au niveau syst\\xE8me qui route le trafic Safari via les serveurs proxy d'Apple. Lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9, des conflits de routage provoquent des \\xE9checs de connexion.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution\"}),\" : D\\xE9sactiver iCloud Private Relay avant de connecter le VPN :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Identifiant Apple \\u2192 iCloud \\u2192 Private Relay \\u2192 D\\xE9sactiver\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter le VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`OU d\\xE9sactiver dans Safari uniquement : Safari \\u2192 R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 \\u2192 D\\xE9cocher \"Masquer l'adresse IP\"`}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pourquoi ils sont en conflit :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN veut router TOUT le trafic via son tunnel\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Private Relay veut router le trafic Web via les serveurs d'Apple\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"macOS ne peut pas prioriser les deux simultan\\xE9ment\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q5 : Pourquoi mon VPN se d\\xE9connecte-t-il chaque fois que je mets mon Mac en veille ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : macOS suspend les connexions r\\xE9seau pendant la veille pour \\xE9conomiser la batterie.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solutions :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les applications VPN tierces :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Activer \"Reconnexion automatique\" dans les param\\xE8tres de l'application VPN`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Connexion automatique \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ExpressVPN : Options \\u2192 G\\xE9n\\xE9ral \\u2192 Connecter au lancement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Connexion automatique \\u2192 R\\xE9seaux Wi-Fi\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour le VPN macOS int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 VPN \\u2192 D\\xE9tails \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Options de session\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Cocher : \"Reconnecter si la connexion VPN est d\\xE9connect\\xE9e\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Cocher : \"D\\xE9connecter lorsque l'utilisateur se d\\xE9connecte\" (D\\xC9COCHER ceci)`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Cocher : \"Envoyer tout le trafic via la connexion VPN\"'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Emp\\xEAcher le Mac de se mettre en veille pendant que le VPN est connect\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer caffeinate (int\\xE9gr\\xE9)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un alias dans ~/.zshrc :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"alias\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292E\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#E1E4E8\"},children:\" vpnwake\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\"=\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"'caffeinate -d &'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Utiliser lorsque le VPN est critique :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"vpnwake\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Connecter le VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Le Mac ne se mettra pas en veille jusqu'\\xE0 ce que vous ex\\xE9cutiez : killall caffeinate\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q6 : Quel est le protocole VPN le plus s\\xE9curis\\xE9 pour macOS en 2025 ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" est la norme actuelle :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Classement de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 des protocoles (2025) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" (chiffrement ChaCha20-Poly1305, cryptographie moderne, audit\\xE9)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2\"}),\" avec AES-256-GCM (macOS natif, tr\\xE8s s\\xE9curis\\xE9)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u26A0\\uFE0F \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN\"}),\" avec AES-256-CBC (s\\xE9curis\\xE9 mais protocole vieillissant)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"L2TP/IPSec\"}),\" (d\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9, \\xE9viter pour les nouvelles configurations)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"PPTP\"}),\" (compl\\xE8tement non s\\xE9curis\\xE9, ne jamais utiliser)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pourquoi WireGuard gagne :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Primitives cryptographiques modernes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surface d'attaque plus petite (~4 000 lignes de code vs 70 000+ pour OpenVPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Audit\\xE9 par plusieurs soci\\xE9t\\xE9s de s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Performance la plus rapide (acc\\xE9l\\xE9ration mat\\xE9rielle sur les Mac s\\xE9rie M)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Secret de transmission parfait\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fournisseurs VPN offrant WireGuard :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN (NordLynx = impl\\xE9mentation WireGuard)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ProtonVPN (WireGuard uniquement d'ici Q2 2026)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mullvad\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"IVPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q7 : Comment r\\xE9soudre les probl\\xE8mes de VPN d'entreprise avec Cisco AnyConnect ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#solution-71-probl%C3%A8mes-cisco-anyconnect\",children:\"Partie 7, Solution 7.1\"}),\" pour le d\\xE9pannage Cisco complet.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Correctifs rapides :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Mettre \\xE0 jour vers AnyConnect 5.1.4.29+ (compatible Tahoe 26)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Accorder l'acc\\xE8s complet au disque : R\\xE9glages Syst\\xE8me \\u2192 Confidentialit\\xE9 et s\\xE9curit\\xE9 \\u2192 Acc\\xE8s complet au disque \\u2192 Ajouter Cisco AnyConnect\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Importer le certificat mis \\xE0 jour de l'IT (doit avoir le champ SAN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Effacer le cache AnyConnect : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"sudo rm -rf ~/Library/Application\\\\ Support/Cisco/Cisco\\\\ AnyConnect*\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Si Mac g\\xE9r\\xE9 par l'IT :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter le service d'assistance IT - ils peuvent avoir besoin de mettre \\xE0 jour la configuration du serveur ou le profil MDM\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q8 : Puis-je utiliser des fichiers de configuration OpenVPN (.ovpn) avec le VPN macOS natif ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Non\"}),\", le VPN macOS natif ne prend en charge que :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"IKEv2/IPSec\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cisco IPSec\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"L2TP/IPSec (d\\xE9pr\\xE9ci\\xE9)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour les fichiers .ovpn, utiliser des clients tiers :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Clients OpenVPN recommand\\xE9s pour macOS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Tunnelblick\"}),\" (gratuit, open source) - \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://tunnelblick.net/\",children:\"https://tunnelblick.net/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Viscosity\"}),\" (14$, interface soign\\xE9e) - \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/\",children:\"https://www.sparklabs.com/viscosity/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Shimo\"}),\" (99$, fonctionnalit\\xE9s d'entreprise) - \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://www.shimovpn.com/\",children:\"https://www.shimovpn.com/\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN Connect\"}),\" (officiel, gratuit) - App Store\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Configuration rapide avec Tunnelblick :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Installer via Homebrew\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"brew\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" install\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" --cask\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" tunnelblick\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Importer le fichier .ovpn\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"open\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -a\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Tunnelblick\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" yourfile.ovpn\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# OU faire glisser le fichier .ovpn vers l'ic\\xF4ne de menu Tunnelblick\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q9 : Pourquoi ne puis-je pas acc\\xE9der aux appareils du r\\xE9seau local (imprimante, NAS) lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9 ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Le VPN route TOUT le trafic via le tunnel, y compris le trafic du r\\xE9seau local.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solution : Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 ou routes manuelles\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option A : Utiliser un VPN avec tunneling fractionn\\xE9\"}),\" (support limit\\xE9 sur macOS) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),\" : Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 complet via la fonction Bypasser\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),\" : Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 (r\\xE9introduit en mars 2024)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"La plupart des autres fournisseurs : \\u274C Ne prend plus en charge le tunneling fractionn\\xE9 sur macOS 11+\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option B : Exclusion de route manuelle\"}),\" (fonctionne avec n'importe quel VPN) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Trouver le sous-r\\xE9seau local\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"ifconfig\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"inet \"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" |\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\" grep\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 192.168\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Ajouter une route (remplacer 192.168.1.0 par votre sous-r\\xE9seau)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" route\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" add\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -net\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 192.168.1.0/24\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" 192.168.1.1\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Maintenant les appareils locaux sont accessibles pendant que le VPN est connect\\xE9\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Tester : ping 192.168.1.x (votre IP d'imprimante/NAS)\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#probl%C3%A8me-43-ressources-du-r%C3%A9seau-local-inaccessibles-tunneling-fractionn%C3%A9-n%C3%A9cessaire\",children:\"Partie 4, Solution 4.3\"}),\" pour la configuration de route permanente.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q10 : Quel protocole VPN dois-je utiliser pour jeu/streaming vs confidentialit\\xE9 vs vitesse ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Diff\\xE9rents cas d'utilisation n\\xE9cessitent des priorit\\xE9s diff\\xE9rentes :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour vitesse maximale (jeu, streaming) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Protocole : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2 UDP\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur : Proximit\\xE9 g\\xE9ographique (< 500km)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver : Kill switch, multi-hop, obscurcissement\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Perte de vitesse attendue : 10-25%\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour confidentialit\\xE9 maximale (torrenting, recherche sensible) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Protocole : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" avec chiffrement fort\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur : Multi-hop si disponible (ProtonVPN Secure Core)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer : Kill switch, protection contre les fuites DNS, d\\xE9sactivation IPv6\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Perte de vitesse attendue : 40-70%\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour contourner les restrictions (Chine, Iran, entreprise) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Protocole : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN TCP port 443\"}),\" (d\\xE9guis\\xE9 en HTTPS)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur : Serveurs obscurcis si disponibles\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer : Mode furtif/camouflage\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Perte de vitesse attendue : 50-80%\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour confidentialit\\xE9 g\\xE9n\\xE9rale (navigation Web, travail) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Protocole : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"WireGuard\"}),\" ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IKEv2\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur : M\\xEAme pays que vous\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Activer : Protection contre les fuites DNS, d\\xE9sactivation IPv6\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Perte de vitesse attendue : 15-35%\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q11 : Comment forcer les applications \\xE0 fonctionner uniquement lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9 (kill switch) ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Utiliser le kill switch int\\xE9gr\\xE9 ou les r\\xE8gles de pare-feu manuelles.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option A : Kill switch de l'application VPN\"}),\" (recommand\\xE9) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Kill Switch \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 Avanc\\xE9 \\u2192 Network Lock \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Param\\xE8tres VPN \\u2192 Kill Switch \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option B : Kill switch de pare-feu manuel\"}),\" (tous les VPN) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Bloquer tout le trafic SAUF via l'interface VPN (utun)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# AVERTISSEMENT : Cela vous d\\xE9connectera d'Internet si le VPN se coupe\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" pfctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -ef\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" -\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" <<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'EOF'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# D\\xE9finir l'interface VPN (g\\xE9n\\xE9ralement utun2 ou utun3)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'vpn_if = \"utun2\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Bloquer tout le trafic sortant par d\\xE9faut\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"block out all\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Autoriser le trafic uniquement via l'interface VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"pass out on $vpn_if all\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"pass in on $vpn_if all\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Autoriser l'acc\\xE8s au r\\xE9seau local\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"pass out on en0 inet proto {tcp, udp} from any to 192.168.0.0/16\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"pass out on en0 inet proto {tcp, udp} from any to 10.0.0.0/8\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Autoriser le DNS uniquement au DNS VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"pass out on $vpn_if inet proto udp from any to any port 53\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"EOF\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver le kill switch :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sudo\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" pfctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -d\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Rendre permanent :\"}),\" Enregistrer les r\\xE8gles dans \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"/etc/pf.anchors/vpn.killswitch\"}),\" et charger via \",(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:\"/etc/pf.conf\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:'Q12 : Mon travail exige que je sois \"sur le r\\xE9seau du bureau\" - quel type de VPN ai-je besoin ?'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Vous avez besoin d'un \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"VPN site \\xE0 site\"}),\" ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"VPN d'acc\\xE8s distant d'entreprise\"}),\", pas d'un VPN commercial de confidentialit\\xE9 comme NordVPN.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solutions VPN d'entreprise :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cisco AnyConnect\"}),\" - VPN d'entreprise le plus courant\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fortinet FortiClient\"}),\" - Utilis\\xE9 par de nombreuses entreprises\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Palo Alto GlobalProtect\"}),\" - Entreprises \\xE0 haute s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"SonicWall Mobile Connect\"}),\" - PME courantes\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"OpenVPN Access Server\"}),\" - Option auto-h\\xE9berg\\xE9e\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que les VPN de confidentialit\\xE9 NE PEUVENT PAS faire :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Vous donner acc\\xE8s aux serveurs internes de l'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Vous faire appara\\xEEtre sur le r\\xE9seau du bureau\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C S'authentifier avec Active Directory/LDAP\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Acc\\xE9der \\xE0 SharePoint/serveurs de fichiers\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que VOUS devez faire :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Contacter votre service IT\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Demander l'acc\\xE8s VPN et les identifiants\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"T\\xE9l\\xE9charger le client VPN approuv\\xE9 par l'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Installer et configurer avec le support IT\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"Voir \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"#partie-7-solutions-vpn-dentreprise-et-corporate\",children:\"Partie 7 : Solutions VPN d'entreprise et corporate\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q13 : Est-il s\\xFBr d'utiliser un VPN gratuit ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"G\\xE9n\\xE9ralement non\"}),\", avec de rares exceptions.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Risques des VPN gratuits :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F6A8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Journalisation et vente de donn\\xE9es\"}),\" - 75% des VPN gratuits journalisent et vendent les donn\\xE9es utilisateur\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F6A8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Injection de malware/adware\"}),\" - Beaucoup injectent des publicit\\xE9s ou des malwares dans la navigation\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F6A8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fuites IP/DNS\"}),\" - Impl\\xE9mentation de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 m\\xE9diocre\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F6A8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Limites de bande passante\"}),\" - G\\xE9n\\xE9ralement 500MB-10GB/mois\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F6A8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Limitation de vitesse\"}),\" - Vitesses extr\\xEAmement lentes\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Exceptions de VPN gratuits s\\xFBrs :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN Free\"}),\" \\u2705\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Entreprise r\\xE9put\\xE9e (ProtonMail)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pas de journalisation de donn\\xE9es\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Limit\\xE9 : 3 pays, vitesses plus lentes\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bon pour : Besoins de confidentialit\\xE9 l\\xE9gers\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Windscribe Free\"}),\" \\u2705\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"10GB/mois gratuit\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Pas de politique de journalisation\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bon pour : Utilisation occasionnelle\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cloudflare WARP\"}),\" \\u2705 (Pas techniquement un VPN)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"DNS chiffr\\xE9 gratuit + proxy\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ne cache pas l'IP des sites Web\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bon pour : Confidentialit\\xE9 DNS uniquement\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ne jamais utiliser :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Hola VPN (r\\xE9seau P2P, vend votre bande passante)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C TouchVPN, SuperVPN, etc. (propri\\xE9t\\xE9 chinoise, journalisation de donn\\xE9es)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Tout VPN avec < 4.0 \\xE9toiles ou < 10 000 avis\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Recommandation\"}),\" : Payer pour un VPN r\\xE9put\\xE9 (3-5$/mois) pour une v\\xE9ritable s\\xE9curit\\xE9 :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : 3,99$/mois (plan 2 ans)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : 2,49$/mois (plan 2 ans)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Private Internet Access : 2,19$/mois (plan 3 ans)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q14 : Mon FAI peut-il toujours voir ce que je fais lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9 ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Visibilit\\xE9 limit\\xE9e\"}),\" - ils voient que vous utilisez un VPN mais pas ce que vous faites.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que le FAI PEUT voir lorsque le VPN est connect\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Vous \\xEAtes connect\\xE9 \\xE0 un serveur VPN (adresse IP VPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Quantit\\xE9 de donn\\xE9es transf\\xE9r\\xE9es (mais pas le contenu)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Horodatages de connexion (lorsque vous vous connectez/d\\xE9connectez)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Protocole VPN (OpenVPN, WireGuard, IKEv2)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que le FAI NE PEUT PAS voir :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Sites Web que vous visitez\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Contenu de votre trafic (chiffr\\xE9)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Requ\\xEAtes DNS (si utilisation du DNS du VPN)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C Applications sp\\xE9cifiques que vous utilisez\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour maximiser la confidentialit\\xE9 vis-\\xE0-vis du FAI :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Utiliser DNS-over-HTTPS (DoH) :\"})}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Chiffrer les requ\\xEAtes DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# R\\xE9glages \\u2192 R\\xE9seau \\u2192 D\\xE9tails \\u2192 DNS \\u2192 Ajouter :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 1.1.1.1 (Cloudflare)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# 1.0.0.1\"})})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{start:\"2\",children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9sactiver IPv6\"}),\" (emp\\xEAche les fuites IPv6) :\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsx)(e.code,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"networksetup\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -setv6off\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" Wi-Fi\"})]})})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{start:\"3\",children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Utiliser le protocole WireGuard\"}),\" (plus difficile \\xE0 d\\xE9tecter comme VPN)\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Utiliser des serveurs obscurcis\"}),\" si le FAI bloque le VPN :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : Serveurs sp\\xE9cialis\\xE9s \\u2192 Obscurcis\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : Mode camouflage\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"ProtonVPN : Protocole furtif\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q15 : Pourquoi certains sites Web me bloquent-ils lorsque j'utilise un VPN ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Les sites Web d\\xE9tectent les adresses IP VPN et bloquent pour emp\\xEAcher :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le contournement de g\\xE9o-restrictions (services de streaming)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"La fraude/bots de compte\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le scraping Web\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le contournement des prix sp\\xE9cifiques aux pays\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Sites Web qui bloquent couramment les VPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Netflix, Hulu, Disney+, BBC iPlayer (streaming)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Sites Web bancaires (pr\\xE9vention de fraude)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"PayPal, processeurs de paiement en ligne\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Sites Web gouvernementaux\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Certaines boutiques en ligne\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Solutions :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option 1 : Adresse IP d\\xE9di\\xE9e\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : 70$/an add-on IP d\\xE9di\\xE9e\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : Non disponible\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"PIA : 5$/mois IP d\\xE9di\\xE9e\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"TorGuard : IP de streaming d\\xE9di\\xE9es\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option 2 : Serveurs VPN r\\xE9sidentiels\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"TorGuard : IP de streaming r\\xE9sidentielles\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Smartproxy VPN : Proxys r\\xE9sidentiels\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option 3 : D\\xE9sactiver le VPN pour des sites sp\\xE9cifiques\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Utiliser le Bypasser de Surfshark pour exclure des applications sp\\xE9cifiques\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Tunneling fractionn\\xE9 manuel (voir Partie 4, Solution 4.3)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option 4 : Essayer diff\\xE9rents serveurs VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les services de streaming bloquent les IP VPN connues\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Essayer 3-5 serveurs diff\\xE9rents dans le m\\xEAme pays\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Les serveurs plus r\\xE9cents sont moins susceptibles d'\\xEAtre bloqu\\xE9s\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option 5 : Utiliser des serveurs obscurcis/furtifs\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Fait ressembler le trafic VPN au HTTPS ordinaire\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"NordVPN : Serveurs obscurcis\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surfshark : Mode NoBorders\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"TorGuard : VPN furtif\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q16 : Comment configurer un VPN pour qu'il se connecte automatiquement lorsque je rejoins un Wi-Fi public ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Utiliser la fonction de connexion automatique de l'application VPN ou l'automatisation macOS.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option A : Connexion automatique de l'application VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Connexion automatique \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Choisir : \"Sur Wi-Fi\" ou \"Sur Wi-Fi et Ethernet\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Optionnel : Ajouter des r\\xE9seaux de confiance (Wi-Fi domestique) \\xE0 exclure\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ExpressVPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Options \\u2192 G\\xE9n\\xE9ral \\u2192 Connecter au lancement \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Lancer au d\\xE9marrage \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"R\\xE9glages \\u2192 Connexion automatique \\u2192 Activer\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Choisir : \"Toujours\" ou \"Wi-Fi non s\\xE9curis\\xE9 uniquement\"'}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option B : Automatisation des raccourcis macOS\"}),\" (VPN int\\xE9gr\\xE9) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Application \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Raccourcis\"}),\" \\u2192 Cr\\xE9er un nouveau raccourci\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Ajouter une action : \"D\\xE9finir VPN\" \\u2192 Connecter'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S\\xE9lectionner votre configuration VPN\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`Automatisation \\u2192 Quand : \"Lorsque l'\\xE9tat du r\\xE9seau change\"`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Si : \"Connect\\xE9 au Wi-Fi\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:`ET : \"Le SSID n'est pas\" (ajouter le nom de votre Wi-Fi domestique)`}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ex\\xE9cuter le raccourci\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Option C : Script LaunchAgent\"}),\" (avanc\\xE9) :\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(i.Fragment,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.pre,{className:\"shiki shiki-themes github-light github-dark\",style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#24292e\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#e1e4e8\",\"--shiki-light-bg\":\"#fff\",\"--shiki-dark-bg\":\"#24292e\"},tabIndex:\"0\",icon:'<svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"m 4,4 a 1,1 0 0 0 -0.7070312,0.2929687 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.4140625 L 8.5859375,11 3.2929688,16.292969 a 1,1 0 0 0 0,1.414062 1,1 0 0 0 1.4140624,0 l 5.9999998,-6 a 1.0001,1.0001 0 0 0 0,-1.414062 L 4.7070312,4.2929687 A 1,1 0 0 0 4,4 Z m 8,14 a 1,1 0 0 0 -1,1 1,1 0 0 0 1,1 h 8 a 1,1 0 0 0 1,-1 1,1 0 0 0 -1,-1 z\" fill=\"currentColor\" /></svg>',children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.code,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un script de connexion automatique\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"cat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/vpn-autoconnect.sh\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" <<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'EOF'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"#!/bin/bash\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Obtenir le SSID Wi-Fi actuel\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:`SSID=$(/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport -I | grep \" SSID\" | awk '{print $2}')`})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# Liste des SSID de confiance (domicile, travail)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'TRUSTED=(\"MyHomeWiFi\" \"OfficeNetwork\")'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"# V\\xE9rifier si le SSID actuel est de confiance\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'if [[ ! \" ${TRUSTED[@]} \" =~ \" ${SSID} \" ]]; then'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    # R\\xE9seau non approuv\\xE9 - connecter le VPN\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'    scutil --nc start \"Your VPN Name\"'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"fi\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"EOF\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"chmod\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" +x\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/vpn-autoconnect.sh\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Cr\\xE9er un LaunchAgent\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"cat\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" >\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.vpn.autoconnect.plist\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#D73A49\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#F97583\"},children:\" <<\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" 'EOF'\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC \"-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN\" \"http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd\">'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:'<plist version=\"1.0\">'})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"<dict>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <key>Label</key>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <string>com.vpn.autoconnect</string>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <key>ProgramArguments</key>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <array>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"        <string>/Users/YOUR_USERNAME/vpn-autoconnect.sh</string>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    </array>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <key>WatchPaths</key>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    <array>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"        <string>/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.airport.preferences.plist</string>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"    </array>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"</dict>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"</plist>\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\"EOF\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Remplacer YOUR_USERNAME par le nom d'utilisateur r\\xE9el\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"sed\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#005CC5\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#79B8FF\"},children:\" -i\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ''\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:' \"s/YOUR_USERNAME/$('}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"whoami\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:')/g\"'}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.vpn.autoconnect.plist\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6A737D\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#6A737D\"},children:\"# Charger le LaunchAgent\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.span,{className:\"line\",children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#6F42C1\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#B392F0\"},children:\"launchctl\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" load\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.span,{style:{\"--shiki-light\":\"#032F62\",\"--shiki-dark\":\"#9ECBFF\"},children:\" ~/Library/LaunchAgents/com.vpn.autoconnect.plist\"})]})]})})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Maintenant, le VPN se connectera automatiquement lorsque vous rejoindrez un Wi-Fi sauf ceux de la liste TRUSTED.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q17 : Quelle est la diff\\xE9rence entre un VPN et un proxy ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Les VPN chiffrent tout le trafic ; les proxys ne redirigent que le trafic sp\\xE9cifique non chiffr\\xE9.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Tableau de comparaison :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.table,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.thead,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Fonctionnalit\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"VPN\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.th,{children:\"Proxy\"})]})}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tbody,{children:[(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Chiffrement\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u2705 Chiffrement complet\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u274C Pas de chiffrement\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Trafic couvert\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Tout le trafic syst\\xE8me\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Application sp\\xE9cifique uniquement\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Adresse IP cach\\xE9e\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u2705 Oui\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\u2705 Oui (des sites Web uniquement)\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Le FAI peut voir\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Utilisation VPN uniquement\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Tout le contenu du trafic\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Vitesse\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Plus lent (surcharge de chiffrement)\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Plus rapide\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"S\\xE9curit\\xE9\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"\\xC9lev\\xE9e\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Faible\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Meilleur pour\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Confidentialit\\xE9, s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Contournement de g\\xE9o-blocages uniquement\"})]}),(0,i.jsxs)(e.tr,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Co\\xFBt\"})}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"3-10$/mois\"}),(0,i.jsx)(e.td,{children:\"Gratuit-5$/mois\"})]})]})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Quand utiliser un VPN :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 S\\xE9curit\\xE9 Wi-Fi public\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Confidentialit\\xE9 du torrenting\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Cacher toute activit\\xE9 au FAI\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Contourner la censure\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Travail \\xE0 distance s\\xE9curis\\xE9\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Quand le proxy est suffisant :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Acc\\xE9der au contenu g\\xE9o-bloqu\\xE9 (streaming)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Scraping Web\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Tester le g\\xE9o-ciblage de site Web\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u2705 Changement rapide d'IP pour une seule application\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Proxys populaires :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Proxys SOCKS5 (meilleurs que les proxys HTTP)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Shadowsocks (proxy Chine)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Serveur SOCKS Dante (auto-h\\xE9berg\\xE9)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q18 : Puis-je ex\\xE9cuter deux VPN en m\\xEAme temps (cha\\xEEnage VPN) ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Oui, mais complexe et g\\xE9n\\xE9ralement inutile.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thodes :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode 1 : VPN \\xE0 l'int\\xE9rieur d'une VM\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Ex\\xE9cuter une VM macOS (Parallels, VMware Fusion)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter VPN #1 sur le Mac h\\xF4te\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter VPN #2 \\xE0 l'int\\xE9rieur de la VM\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le trafic VM va : Votre IP \\u2192 VPN1 \\u2192 VPN2 \\u2192 Internet\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode 2 : VPN routeur + VPN client\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Configurer le VPN sur le routeur (DD-WRT, OpenWrt)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter le Mac au routeur (tout le trafic via VPN #1)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Connecter l'application VPN sur le Mac (VPN #2)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le trafic va : Votre IP \\u2192 VPN routeur \\u2192 VPN Mac \\u2192 Internet\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"M\\xE9thode 3 : Multi-hop fournisseur\"}),`\nCertains fournisseurs offrent un multi-hop int\\xE9gr\\xE9 :`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN\"}),\" : Secure Core (gratuit avec Plus)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surfshark\"}),\" : MultiHop (fonctionnalit\\xE9 premium)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),\" : Serveurs Double VPN\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pourquoi vous n'en avez probablement pas besoin :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F40C} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Extr\\xEAmement lent\"}),\" (60-80% de perte de vitesse)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F4B8} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Cher\"}),\" (besoin de 2 abonnements)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F937} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Gain de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 marginal\"}),\" pour la plupart des utilisateurs\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"\\u{1F504} \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"D\\xE9pannage complexe\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Quand le multi-hop a du sens :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F575}\\uFE0F Journaliste/lanceur d'alerte avec menaces d'\\xC9tat-nation\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6AB} Contourner la d\\xE9tection VPN avanc\\xE9e (Chine, Iran)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F3AF} \\xC9chapper \\xE0 la surveillance cibl\\xE9e\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pour 99% des utilisateurs :\"}),\" Un seul VPN fiable (NordVPN, Mullvad, ProtonVPN) est suffisant.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q19 : Comment savoir si mon fournisseur VPN est digne de confiance et ne journalise pas mes donn\\xE9es ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : Rechercher des audits ind\\xE9pendants, la juridiction et les ant\\xE9c\\xE9dents.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Liste de contr\\xF4le de fiabilit\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Audit de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 ind\\xE9pendant\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'Rechercher : \"Politique de non-journalisation audit\\xE9e ind\\xE9pendamment\"'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Auditeurs r\\xE9put\\xE9s : Deloitte, PwC, Cure53, VerSprite\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : NordVPN (audit PwC 2023), ProtonVPN (audit SEC Consult)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Juridiction en dehors de 5/9/14 Eyes\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"\\xC9viter\"}),\" : US, UK, Australie, Canada, NZ (5 Eyes)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pr\\xE9f\\xE9rer\"}),\" : Suisse, Panama, \\xCEles Vierges britanniques, Roumanie\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : ProtonVPN (Suisse), NordVPN (Panama), Mullvad (Su\\xE8de)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Revendication de non-journalisation test\\xE9e en justice\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le fournisseur a re\\xE7u une assignation mais n'avait pas de journaux \\xE0 fournir\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : PIA (2016, affaire Russie), ExpressVPN (2017, affaire Turquie)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Client open source\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Code auditable par les chercheurs en s\\xE9curit\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : Mullvad (open source), ProtonVPN (applications open source)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Serveurs RAM uniquement\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Aucune donn\\xE9e \\xE9crite sur les disques durs\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : ExpressVPN TrustedServer, infrastructure RAM uniquement de NordVPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Accepte le paiement anonyme\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Bitcoin, Monero, esp\\xE8ces\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : Mullvad (esp\\xE8ces dans une enveloppe), IVPN (crypto)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Propri\\xE9t\\xE9 transparente\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Soci\\xE9t\\xE9 m\\xE8re et direction connues\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Exemple : ProtonVPN (Proton AG), Mullvad (Amagicom AB)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Drapeaux rouges :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:'\\u{1F6A9} Offres \"abonnement \\xE0 vie\" (mod\\xE8le commercial non viable)'}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6A9} Aucune information sur la propri\\xE9t\\xE9 de l'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6A9} Si\\xE8ge en Chine, Russie, EAU\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6A9} VPN gratuit (sauf ProtonVPN Free)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6A9} Politique de confidentialit\\xE9 m\\xE9diocre (langage de journalisation vague)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u{1F6A9} Aucun audit ind\\xE9pendant\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"VPN les plus fiables (2025) :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mullvad\"}),\" - Num\\xE9ros de compte anonymes, audit\\xE9s, accepte les esp\\xE8ces\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ProtonVPN\"}),\" - Juridiction suisse, open source, audit\\xE9\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"IVPN\"}),\" - Audit\\xE9, anonyme, transparent\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NordVPN\"}),\" - Audit\\xE9, serveurs RAM uniquement, juridiction Panama\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Private Internet Access\"}),\" - Non-journalisation prouv\\xE9e en justice\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ne jamais utiliser :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C VPN appartenant \\xE0 Kape Technologies (pass\\xE9 douteux)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C VPN bas\\xE9s en Russie, Chine, Iran, Turquie\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"\\u274C VPN gratuits (sauf ProtonVPN Free)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.hr,{}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Q20 : Un VPN me prot\\xE9gera-t-il des malwares et des pirates ?\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"R\"}),\" : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Protection limit\\xE9e\"}),\" - Les VPN chiffrent le trafic mais ne bloquent pas les malwares.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que le VPN PROT\\xC8GE :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Attaques de l'homme du milieu (MITM)\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Sur le Wi-Fi public, emp\\xEAche l'\\xE9coute clandestine\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Chiffre le trafic entre vous et le serveur VPN\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Surveillance du FAI\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cache votre navigation au fournisseur d'acc\\xE8s Internet\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Emp\\xEAche la vente de donn\\xE9es du FAI\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u2705 \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Attaques bas\\xE9es sur l'IP\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Cache l'IP r\\xE9elle, emp\\xEAche le DDoS sur votre IP domestique\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge de la g\\xE9olocalisation IP\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Ce que le VPN NE PROT\\xC8GE PAS :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Malware/Virus\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN n'analyse pas les fichiers ou ne d\\xE9tecte pas les malwares\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Utiliser : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Malwarebytes\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ClamAV\"}),\", ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"macOS XProtect\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Attaques de phishing\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN ne d\\xE9tecte pas les faux sites Web\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Utiliser : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Fonctionnalit\\xE9s de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 du navigateur\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"gestionnaire de mots de passe\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Piratage de compte\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN ne prot\\xE8ge pas les mots de passe faibles\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Utiliser : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Mots de passe uniques forts\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"2FA/MFA\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Suivi/cookies du navigateur\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Le VPN ne bloque pas les traqueurs\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Utiliser : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"uBlock Origin\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Privacy Badger\"}),\", \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"navigateur Brave\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[\"\\u274C \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Piratage DNS\"}),\" (si le VPN n'est pas correctement configur\\xE9)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"S'assurer que le DNS du VPN est r\\xE9ellement utilis\\xE9\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"Tester : \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"https://www.dnsleaktest.com/\",children:\"https://www.dnsleaktest.com/\"})]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Pile compl\\xE8te de confidentialit\\xE9/s\\xE9curit\\xE9 :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 1 : S\\xE9curit\\xE9 r\\xE9seau (VPN)\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"VPN\"}),\" : NordVPN, ProtonVPN, ou Mullvad\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : Chiffrement du trafic, masquage IP\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 2 : Protection contre les malwares\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Malwarebytes Premium\"}),\" (45$/an)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"OU \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"ClamAV\"}),\" (gratuit, open source)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : Malware, ransomware, adware\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 3 : Pare-feu/surveillance r\\xE9seau\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Little Snitch\"}),\" (45$, moniteur r\\xE9seau)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[\"OU \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"LuLu\"}),\" (gratuit, open source, pare-feu de base)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : Contr\\xF4le de connexion sortante\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 4 : Confidentialit\\xE9 du navigateur\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Extensions\"}),\" : uBlock Origin, Privacy Badger\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Navigateur\"}),\" : Brave ou Firefox + durcissement\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : Suivi, publicit\\xE9s, empreinte digitale\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 5 : S\\xE9curit\\xE9 des mots de passe\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"1Password\"}),\" (36$/an) ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Bitwarden\"}),\" (gratuit)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Yubikey\"}),\" pour 2FA (25-50$)\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : S\\xE9curit\\xE9 des comptes, phishing\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Couche 6 : S\\xE9curit\\xE9 DNS\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"NextDNS\"}),\" (niveau gratuit) ou \",(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"AdGuard DNS\"})]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"DNS chiffr\\xE9 (DoH/DoT)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Prot\\xE8ge : Suivi au niveau DNS, domaines malveillants\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Co\\xFBt pour la pile compl\\xE8te :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Option gratuite : ~45$/an (VPN + Malwarebytes)\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Option premium : ~150$/an (toutes les couches couvertes)\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.p,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Recommandation :\"}),\" Commencer avec VPN + Malwarebytes + uBlock Origin (total : 90$/an) pour 80% de protection.\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.h2,{id:\"conclusion--ma\\xEEtriser-le-d\\xE9pannage-vpn-macos\",children:\"Conclusion : Ma\\xEEtriser le d\\xE9pannage VPN macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Les probl\\xE8mes de connectivit\\xE9 VPN sur macOS Tahoe 26 d\\xE9coulent de changements fondamentaux de la plateforme privil\\xE9giant la s\\xE9curit\\xE9 sur la compatibilit\\xE9 des protocoles obsol\\xE8tes. Comprendre ces changements architecturaux - d\\xE9pr\\xE9ciations de protocoles, durcissement de la validation des certificats et sandboxing des extensions r\\xE9seau - permet une r\\xE9solution syst\\xE9matique des probl\\xE8mes plut\\xF4t qu'un d\\xE9pannage par essais et erreurs.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Points cl\\xE9s \\xE0 retenir :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ol,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"La s\\xE9lection de protocole compte\"}),\" : WireGuard offre des performances et une s\\xE9curit\\xE9 optimales sur macOS Tahoe 26, avec IKEv2 comme alternative fiable\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Les fuites DNS sont courantes\"}),\" : 41% des configurations VPN par d\\xE9faut fuient IPv6 ou les requ\\xEAtes DNS ; v\\xE9rification et durcissement essentiels\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Les VPN d'entreprise n\\xE9cessitent des mises \\xE0 jour\"}),\" : Les d\\xE9ploiements d'entreprise ont besoin de versions client sp\\xE9cifiquement compatibles avec les exigences de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 de Tahoe 26\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"iCloud Private Relay entre en conflit\"}),\" : Les conflits de routage au niveau syst\\xE8me rendent impossible l'op\\xE9ration simultan\\xE9e du VPN et de Private Relay\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"L'optimisation MTU est critique\"}),\" : La taille MTU correcte emp\\xEAche une d\\xE9gradation de vitesse de 30-50% due \\xE0 la fragmentation des paquets\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Approche de d\\xE9pannage syst\\xE9matique :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Niveau 1\"}),\" : Correctifs d'urgence (5 minutes) - Red\\xE9marrage r\\xE9seau, d\\xE9sactivation Private Relay, changement de protocole\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Niveau 2\"}),\" : Optimisation du protocole et de la configuration (15 minutes) - Durcissement DNS, d\\xE9sactivation IPv6, ajustement MTU\"]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.li,{children:[(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Niveau 3\"}),\" : D\\xE9bogage au niveau syst\\xE8me (30+ minutes) - Analyse des journaux, capture de paquets, r\\xE9initialisation r\\xE9seau compl\\xE8te\"]}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsx)(e.strong,{children:\"Succ\\xE8s VPN \\xE0 long terme :\"})}),`\n`,(0,i.jsxs)(e.ul,{children:[`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Maintenir les versions client VPN actuelles compatibles avec les derni\\xE8res mises \\xE0 jour macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"V\\xE9rifier la protection contre les fuites DNS apr\\xE8s chaque mise \\xE0 jour syst\\xE8me macOS\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Documenter les configurations fonctionnelles pour les sc\\xE9narios de retour arri\\xE8re VPN d'entreprise\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.li,{children:\"Surveiller les annonces des fournisseurs pour les mises \\xE0 jour de compatibilit\\xE9 sp\\xE9cifiques \\xE0 Tahoe\"}),`\n`]}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:\"Le paysage VPN macOS en 2025 r\\xE9compense une s\\xE9lection de protocoles r\\xE9fl\\xE9chie et une gestion proactive de la configuration. Les utilisateurs mettant en \\u0153uvre des strat\\xE9gies de d\\xE9pannage compl\\xE8tes tout en restant \\xE0 jour avec les meilleures pratiques de s\\xE9curit\\xE9 obtiennent une connectivit\\xE9 VPN fiable et performante sur toutes les configurations macOS Tahoe 26.\"}),`\n`,(0,i.jsx)(e.p,{children:(0,i.jsxs)(e.em,{children:[\"Besoin d'aide avec d'autres probl\\xE8mes de connectivit\\xE9 macOS ? Explorez nos guides complets sur le \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"/blog/macos-tahoe-troubleshooting-guide-complete-solutions\",children:\"d\\xE9pannage g\\xE9n\\xE9ral\"}),\", les \",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"/blog/macos-tahoe-continuity-sync-troubleshooting-complete-guide-2025\",children:\"probl\\xE8mes de connectivit\\xE9\"}),\" et l'\",(0,i.jsx)(e.a,{href:\"/blog/macos-tahoe-performance-analysis-complete-benchmark-review-2025\",children:\"optimisation des performances\"}),\" pour une performance syst\\xE8me maximale.\"]})})]})}function o(n={}){let{wrapper:e}=n.components||{};return e?(0,i.jsx)(e,{...n,children:(0,i.jsx)(d,{...n})}):d(n)}return N(f);})();\n;return Component;","toc":[{"title":"Résumé exécutif : Problèmes VPN macOS en 2025","url":"#résumé-exécutif--problèmes-vpn-macos-en-2025","depth":2},{"title":"Pourquoi les VPN échouent sur macOS Tahoe 26","url":"#pourquoi-les-vpn-échouent-sur-macos-tahoe-26","depth":3},{"title":"Compréhension critique : Les causes profondes","url":"#compréhension-critique--les-causes-profondes","depth":3},{"title":"Méthodologie de test et couverture","url":"#méthodologie-de-test-et-couverture","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 1 : Guide de diagnostic rapide - Identifier votre problème VPN","url":"#partie-1--guide-de-diagnostic-rapide---identifier-votre-problème-vpn","depth":2},{"title":"Identification des problèmes basée sur les symptômes","url":"#identification-des-problèmes-basée-sur-les-symptômes","depth":3},{"title":"Triage rapide : Correctifs d'urgence de 5 minutes","url":"#triage-rapide--correctifs-durgence-de-5-minutes","depth":3},{"title":"Quand passer aux solutions avancées","url":"#quand-passer-aux-solutions-avancées","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 2 : Le VPN ne se connecte pas - Solutions d'échec de connexion complet","url":"#partie-2--le-vpn-ne-se-connecte-pas---solutions-déchec-de-connexion-complet","depth":2},{"title":"Problème 2.1 : \"Échec de connexion\" sans détails d'erreur","url":"#problème-21--échec-de-connexion-sans-détails-derreur","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 2.2 : \"Échec d'authentification\" malgré des identifiants corrects","url":"#problème-22--échec-dauthentification-malgré-des-identifiants-corrects","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 2.3 : Le VPN se connecte puis se déconnecte immédiatement","url":"#problème-23--le-vpn-se-connecte-puis-se-déconnecte-immédiatement","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 2.4 : VPN bloqué sur \"Connexion en cours...\" indéfiniment","url":"#problème-24--vpn-bloqué-sur-connexion-en-cours-indéfiniment","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 3 : VPN se déconnectant toutes les 15-30 secondes - Solutions de stabilité","url":"#partie-3--vpn-se-déconnectant-toutes-les-15-30-secondes---solutions-de-stabilité","depth":2},{"title":"Comprendre les modèles de déconnexion","url":"#comprendre-les-modèles-de-déconnexion","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 3.1 : Corriger les délais d'expiration Keepalive (déconnexions à intervalles réguliers)","url":"#solution-31--corriger-les-délais-dexpiration-keepalive-déconnexions-à-intervalles-réguliers","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 3.2 : Corriger les problèmes de taille MTU (déconnexions pendant la haute bande passante)","url":"#solution-32--corriger-les-problèmes-de-taille-mtu-déconnexions-pendant-la-haute-bande-passante","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 3.3 : Corriger les déconnexions d'itinérance du réseau sans fil","url":"#solution-33--corriger-les-déconnexions-ditinérance-du-réseau-sans-fil","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 3.4 : Corriger les déconnexions de délai d'expiration NAT","url":"#solution-34--corriger-les-déconnexions-de-délai-dexpiration-nat","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 4 : Pas d'accès Internet lorsque VPN connecté","url":"#partie-4--pas-daccès-internet-lorsque-vpn-connecté","depth":2},{"title":"Problème 4.1 : Perte complète d'Internet après connexion VPN","url":"#problème-41--perte-complète-dinternet-après-connexion-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 4.2 : Peut accéder aux IP mais pas aux noms de domaine (échec DNS)","url":"#problème-42--peut-accéder-aux-ip-mais-pas-aux-noms-de-domaine-échec-dns","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 4.3 : Ressources du réseau local inaccessibles (tunneling fractionné nécessaire)","url":"#problème-43--ressources-du-réseau-local-inaccessibles-tunneling-fractionné-nécessaire","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 5 : Prévention des fuites DNS et configuration","url":"#partie-5--prévention-des-fuites-dns-et-configuration","depth":2},{"title":"Comprendre les fuites DNS","url":"#comprendre-les-fuites-dns","depth":3},{"title":"Test de fuite DNS","url":"#test-de-fuite-dns","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 5.1 : Prévention complète des fuites IPv6","url":"#solution-51--prévention-complète-des-fuites-ipv6","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 5.2 : Forcer le DNS VPN exclusivement","url":"#solution-52--forcer-le-dns-vpn-exclusivement","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 5.3 : Prévention des fuites WebRTC","url":"#solution-53--prévention-des-fuites-webrtc","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 5.4 : Empêcher le piratage de proxy DNS transparent","url":"#solution-54--empêcher-le-piratage-de-proxy-dns-transparent","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 6 : Optimisation de la vitesse VPN sur macOS","url":"#partie-6--optimisation-de-la-vitesse-vpn-sur-macos","depth":2},{"title":"Comprendre la perte de vitesse VPN","url":"#comprendre-la-perte-de-vitesse-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Méthodologie de test de vitesse","url":"#méthodologie-de-test-de-vitesse","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.1 : Optimisation du protocole","url":"#solution-61--optimisation-du-protocole","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.2 : Optimisation de la sélection de serveur","url":"#solution-62--optimisation-de-la-sélection-de-serveur","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.3 : Optimisation MTU pour vitesse maximale","url":"#solution-63--optimisation-mtu-pour-vitesse-maximale","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.4 : Réduire la surcharge de chiffrement (lorsque la sécurité le permet)","url":"#solution-64--réduire-la-surcharge-de-chiffrement-lorsque-la-sécurité-le-permet","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.5 : Désactiver les fonctionnalités VPN inutiles","url":"#solution-65--désactiver-les-fonctionnalités-vpn-inutiles","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 6.6 : Optimisations de performance spécifiques à macOS","url":"#solution-66--optimisations-de-performance-spécifiques-à-macos","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 7 : Solutions VPN d'entreprise et corporate","url":"#partie-7--solutions-vpn-dentreprise-et-corporate","depth":2},{"title":"Comprendre les défis VPN d'entreprise","url":"#comprendre-les-défis-vpn-dentreprise","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.1 : Problèmes Cisco AnyConnect","url":"#solution-71--problèmes-cisco-anyconnect","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.2 : Problèmes Fortinet FortiClient VPN","url":"#solution-72--problèmes-fortinet-forticlient-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.3 : Problèmes Palo Alto GlobalProtect","url":"#solution-73--problèmes-palo-alto-globalprotect","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.4 : Problèmes SonicWall Mobile Connect","url":"#solution-74--problèmes-sonicwall-mobile-connect","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.5 : Azure VPN / Microsoft Always On VPN","url":"#solution-75--azure-vpn--microsoft-always-on-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Solution 7.6 : WireGuard pour usage d'entreprise","url":"#solution-76--wireguard-pour-usage-dentreprise","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 8 : Conflits de pare-feu et logiciels de sécurité","url":"#partie-8--conflits-de-pare-feu-et-logiciels-de-sécurité","depth":2},{"title":"Problème 8.1 : Little Snitch bloque le VPN","url":"#problème-81--little-snitch-bloque-le-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 8.2 : Pare-feu macOS intégré bloque le VPN","url":"#problème-82--pare-feu-macos-intégré-bloque-le-vpn","depth":3},{"title":"Problème 8.3 : Logiciel antivirus interférant","url":"#problème-83--logiciel-antivirus-interférant","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 9 : Décodeur de messages d'erreur et solutions","url":"#partie-9--décodeur-de-messages-derreur-et-solutions","depth":2},{"title":"Messages d'erreur VPN courants","url":"#messages-derreur-vpn-courants","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 10 : Techniques de dépannage avancées","url":"#partie-10--techniques-de-dépannage-avancées","depth":2},{"title":"Technique 10.1 : Analyse de capture de paquets","url":"#technique-101--analyse-de-capture-de-paquets","depth":3},{"title":"Technique 10.2 : Analyse des journaux système","url":"#technique-102--analyse-des-journaux-système","depth":3},{"title":"Technique 10.3 : Réinitialiser tous les paramètres réseau (option nucléaire)","url":"#technique-103--réinitialiser-tous-les-paramètres-réseau-option-nucléaire","depth":3},{"title":"Technique 10.4 : Tester avec un réseau alternatif","url":"#technique-104--tester-avec-un-réseau-alternatif","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 11 : Dépannage spécifique au fournisseur","url":"#partie-11--dépannage-spécifique-au-fournisseur","depth":2},{"title":"Problèmes NordVPN macOS","url":"#problèmes-nordvpn-macos","depth":3},{"title":"Problèmes ExpressVPN macOS","url":"#problèmes-expressvpn-macos","depth":3},{"title":"Problèmes Surfshark macOS","url":"#problèmes-surfshark-macos","depth":3},{"title":"Problèmes Private Internet Access (PIA)","url":"#problèmes-private-internet-access-pia","depth":3},{"title":"Problèmes ProtonVPN macOS","url":"#problèmes-protonvpn-macos","depth":3},{"title":"Partie 12 : Foire aux questions (FAQ)","url":"#partie-12--foire-aux-questions-faq","depth":2},{"title":"Conclusion : Maîtriser le dépannage VPN macOS","url":"#conclusion--maîtriser-le-dépannage-vpn-macos","depth":2}],"estimatedTime":76}